Earth Science

Question 1

Stress that causes rocks to squeeze together

Answer 1

Compressional stress

Question 2

The force per unit area that is placed on a rock

Answer 2

Stress

Question 3

The person who outlined the Seafloor Spreading theory

Answer 3

Harry Hess

Question 4

What is formed when the hanging wall is moved sideways?

Answer 4

Strike-slip fault

Question 5

Stress that causes rocks to be pulled apart

Answer 5

Tensional stress

Question 6

____ is a fold that arches upward where the ____ is found at the center of the formation

Answer 6

Anticline
oldest

Question 7

Normal faults develop when the ____ moves ____ while the reverse faults develop when it moves ____

Answer 7

hanging wall
downward
upward

Question 8

What is used to create Bathymetrical maps in the ancient times?

Answer 8

Lead and line

Question 9

____ is a fold that arches downward where the ____ is found at the center of the formation

Answer 9

Syncline
youngest

Question 10

Compressional stress causes rocks to ____

Answer 10

fold

Question 11

Which of the following best describes weathering?
A. The process by which rocks are exposed to severe weather
B. The process by which rocks are formed by heat and pressure
C. The mechanical or chemical process by which rocks are broken down
D. The process by which rocks are chemically strengthened due to exposure to heat and pressure

Answer 11

C. The mechanical or chemical process by which rocks are broken down

Question 12

What prevents the iron and other minimal amount of some elements in the core from melting?
A. Density
B. Pressure
C. Temperature
D. Vapor

Answer 12

B. Pressure

Question 13

Which is an example of oxidation?
A. Rust decomposes rocks completely with passage of time.
B. Some of the minerals get dissolved in water.
C. The joints enlarge in size and lime is removed in the solution.
D. Due to the absorption of water by rocks, its volume increases.

Answer 13

A. Rust decomposes rocks completely with passage of time.

Question 14

Which of the following terms pertains to the spontaneous breakdown of an atomic nucleus which results to the release of energy and matter from the nucleus?
A. Convection B. Gravitational pressure
C. Radiation
D. Radioactive decay

Answer 14

D. Radioactive decay

Question 15

How does decompression melting occur?
A. It occurs when the temperature is constant but the pressure increases.
B. It occurs when the temperature is constant but the pressure decreases.
C. It occurs when the temperature decreases directly proportional to pressure.
D. It occurs when the temperature increases inversely proportional to pressure.

Answer 15

D. It occurs when the temperature increases inversely proportional to pressure.

Question 16

What is the tendency of a magma with high silica content?
A. It tends to be hotter.
B. It tends to be less viscous.
C. It tends to be more viscous.
D. It tends to be less explosive.

Answer 16

C. It tends to be more viscous.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the metamorphism of shale is FALSE?
A. Foliation develops as metamorphism increases.
B. The amount of water decreases as metamorphism increases.
C. The clay minerals break down to form micas as metamorphism increases.
D. The size of the minerals gets smaller as metamorphism increases.

Answer 17

B. The amount of water decreases as metamorphism increases.

Question 18

What type of metamorphic rock will form if a mudrock experiences highgrade metamorphism?
A. Phyllite
B. Slate
C. Schist
D. None of the above

Answer 18

D. None of the Above

Gneiss

Question 19

Ava plays a clay bar. She pulled the two sides of the clay bar using her hands away from each other. What type of stress did she exert on the clay bar?
A. Compressional stress
B. Direct stress
C. Shear stress
D. Tensional stress

Answer 19

D. Tensional Stress

Question 20

East African Rift is formed by stress that causes the hanging wall to drop down. Which among the type of fault does it belong
A. Normal
B. Reverse
C. Strike Slip
D. Transverse

Answer 20

A. Normal

Question 21

In seafloor spreading, in which of the following parts does molten material rises from the mantle and erupts or flows out?
A. Along mid-ocean ridges
B. In the deep ocean trenches
C. In the north and south poles
D. Along the edges of all continents

Answer 21

A. Along mid-ocean ridges

Question 22

What happens during embryonic stage of ocean basin?
A. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts
B. Formation of young to mature mountain belts
C. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins
D. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents

Answer 22

D. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents

Question 23

How will you categorize the stage of the ocean basin that formed island arcs and trenches around basin edge?
A. Declining
B. Embryonic
C. Juvenile
D. None of the above

Answer 23

A. Declining

Question 24

Myra understands the characteristics of Agnatha when she describes it as:
A. a primitive jawless fish
B. a primitive armored fish with cartilage skeleton
C. a fish with jaw
D. a fish with legs

Answer 24

A. a primitive jawless fish

Question 25

What is the smallest main unit of geologic time? A. eon B. era C. epoch D. period

Answer 25

C. epoch

Question 26

What are the common fossils? A. Bones and teeth B. Spores and seeds C. Options A and B are correct. D. Options A and B are incorrect.

Answer 26

C. Options A and B are correct.

Question 27

Which Era represents "ancient life”?

Answer 27

Paleozoic era

Question 28

Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of plants and animals that have lived on Earth throughout Earth’s history. How does the fossil record of animals compare to animals that exist today? A. Animals in the fossil record are the same as animals that exist today. B. Animals in the fossil record are ancestors of animals that exist today. C. Animals in the fossil record have no similarities to animals that exist today. D. Animals in the fossil record are more complex than animals that exist today.

Answer 28

B. Animals in the fossil record are ancestors of animals that exist today.

Question 29

Which geological dating technique determines the actual age of a fossil?

Answer 29

Absolute dating

Question 30

How many half-lives have passed if a rock contains 25% isotopes and 75% daughter isotopes?

Answer 30

Two (2) half-lives

Question 31

Which of the following indicates the relative age of a rock layer? A. The thickness of the layer B. The chemical make-up of the rock C. The distance of the layer over the Earth D. The position of the layer compared to other layers

Answer 31

D. The position of the layer compared to other layers

Question 32

An undeformed sedimentary layer is ____ than the layer above and _____ than the layer below.

Answer 32

older younger

Question 33

Why do plates of the Earth is slowly moving in an unnoticeable manner? A. Because of the energy from the Sun B. Due to movement of faults in Mountain Ranges C. Light form the natural satellite D. Due to convection currents in the mantle

Answer 33

D. Due to convection currents in the mantle

Question 34

How does the movement of plates affect the surface of the Earth? A. When the plates move slide past each other mountain ranges were formed. B. It may result to the formation and deformation of landforms. C. It may create earthquakes along fault lines far from the origin of movement. D. Rising and falling movement of plates may result to the formation of mountains and volcanoes.

Answer 34

B. It may result to the formation and deformation of landforms

Question 35

What is the moving of sediments from their original position called? A. deposition B. erosion C. lithification D. weathering

Answer 35

B. erosion

Question 36

What are the agents of weathering?

Answer 36

Water Salt Temperature Plants

Question 37

What are the types of weathering?

Answer 37

Physical Chemical Biological

Question 38

Caused by rainwater reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form new minerals (clays) and soluble salts.

Answer 38

Chemical weathering

Question 39

What are the types of physical weathering?

Answer 39

Abrasion Freeze-thaw Exfoliation

Question 40

Caused by the effects of changing temperatures on rocks, causing rock to break apart.

Answer 40

Physical Weathering

Question 41

What are the types of chemical weathering?

Answer 41

Carbonation Hydrolysis Hydration Oxidation

Question 42

The breakdown of rock by acidic water

Answer 42

Hydrolysis

Question 43

It occurs when rocks are awakened through different biological agents.

Answer 43

Biological Weathering

Question 44

What are the Earth's heat sources?

Answer 44

Primordial Heat Radioactive Heat Through Gravitational Pressure Dense Core Material

Question 45

Heat that is produced from radioactive decay of some naturally occurring isotopes.

Answer 45

Radioactive Heat

Question 46

Heat from the collision of gases and dusts during the formation of the Earth.

Answer 46

Primordial Heat

Question 47

A geological process that was formed, originated and located below the surface of the Earth.

Answer 47

Endogenic process

Question 48

Happens due to the different melting points of the minerals mixed into the mantle rocks

Answer 48

Partial Melting

Question 49

Happens if a rock is close to its melting point and some water or carbon dioxide is added to the rock.

Answer 49

Flux Melting

Question 50

Magma escapes in two forms, what are they called?

Answer 50

Intrusion Extrusion

Question 51

It is an eruption of magmatic materials that causes land formation on the surface of the Earth.

Answer 51

Extrusion

Question 52

Refers to all sorts of igneous geological activities taking place below the Earth's surface

Answer 52

Plutonism

Question 53

Is a process of mineral assemblance and texture variation that results from the physical-chemical changes of solid rocks, caused by factors such as crust movement, magma activity, or thermal fluid change in the Earth.

Answer 53

Metamorphism

Question 54

Both plays a crucial role in metamorphism A. Density and pressure B. Temperature and pressure C. Density and gravity D. Temperature and density

Answer 54

B. Temperature and pressure

Question 55

Types of pressure

Answer 55

Confining pressure/Vertical stress Differential pressure/Directed

Question 56

A device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and then record the echoes of these sound waves.

Answer 56

SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging)

Question 57

Name of the supercontinent

Answer 57

PANGAEA

Question 58

The layers of rocks are continuous until they encounter other solid bodies that block their deposition

Answer 58

Law of Original Horizontality

Question 59

A buried erosional or non-depositional surface that separate the different-age loan masses or strata

Answer 59

Law of Unconformities

Question 60

Geologic feature which cuts another is the younger of the two features.

Answer 60

Law of Crosscutting Relationship

Question 61

All rock layers are originally laid down horizontally and can be later deformed; Allows us to infer that something must have happened to the rocks to make them tilted.

Answer 61

Law of Lateral Continuity

Question 62

Any undisturbed sequence of rocks deposited in layers

Answer 62

Law of Superposition

Question 63

In the Law of Superposition, the _____ layer is on top and the ____ is on the bottom A. disturbed; undisturbed B. oldest; youngest C.undisturbed; disturbed D. youngest; oldest

Answer 63

D. youngest; oldest

Question 64

Called the original rock in metamorphic grading

Answer 64

Protolith (e.g. shale)

Question 65

Dating that is used to determine the age by comparison between nearby layers

Answer 65

Relative Dating

Question 66

The fossils of one layer is compared with another layer with known dating

Answer 66

Cross Dating

Question 67

Type of a relative dating that assumes that the lowest layer is the oldest and the topmost layer is the youngest.

Answer 67

Stratigraphy

Question 68

The difference between relative dating and absolute dating is that, relative dating is a ____ dating whereas absolute dating is a ____ dating

Answer 68

qualitative quantitative

Question 69

Types of absolute dating

Answer 69

Radiometric dating Amino Acid datinf Dendrochronology Thermoluminescence