Earth Science

Question 1

Is a fundamental concept that refers to the capacity to do work or produce change. It comes in various forms, including kinetic (motion), potential (stored), thermal ( (heat), chemical, electrical, and nuclear energy.

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

A natural resource or a system that can provide energy to do work or produce heat.
Can be classified into two kinds.

Answer 2

Energy Source

Question 3

• Energy that causes no impact on nature, comes from natural resources that are replenished continuously in a short amount of time.

Answer 3

Renewable Energy

Question 4

energy source generated from the light and heat from the sun.

Answer 4

Solar Energy

Question 5

energy source generated from the power of the wind; it involves using turbines to convert the turning motion of blades pushed by moving air (kinetic energy) into electrical energy.

Answer 5

Wind energy

Question 6

energy source generated from the flowing or falling of water. It involves building of dams on rivers to create a reservoir.

Answer 6

Hydropower

Question 7

energy source generated from the heat from the interior of the earth. This can be common on the areas with volcanos.

Answer 7

Geothermal

Question 8

energy source generated from the natural rise and fall of tides cause by the gravitational interaction between earth, the sun, and the moon. The kinetic energy of tide movement is captured and converted into electricity.

Answer 8

Tidal

Question 9

energy source generated from organic materials, such as plant, agricultural residues, animal waste, and even some types of waste.

Answer 9

Biomass

Question 10

energy source generated through conversion of motion of ocean waves into electricity.

Answer 10

Wave

Question 11

• Also known as stock resources
• Comes from resources that exist in finite amounts and cannot be replenished within a short time frame.
• Can be obtain in solid, liquids or gasses.
• Resources of this energy includes nuclear energy and fossil fuel (coal, oil or petroleum, natural gas)

Answer 11

Non renewable

Question 12

energy source generated from the energy released from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of protons and neutrons. This source of energy can be produced into two ways; fission (when nuclei of atoms split into several parts _ or fusion (when nuclei fuse together)

Answer 12

Nuclear

Question 13

comes from the remain of prehistoric plants and animals that have been buried under the Earth’s crust, these remains are subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years.

Answer 13

Fossil fuel

Question 14

is a black or brownish rock. Mining coal out of the ground and burn them to create energy.

Answer 14

Coal

Question 15

is the lowest rank of coal

Answer 15

Peat

Question 16

is the highest rank of coal.

Answer 16

Anthracite

Question 17

is a liquid fossil fuel. It is also called as oil or crude oil.
It is trapped by underground rock formations.

Answer 17

Oil/petroleum

Question 18

is another fossil fuel that is trapped underground reservoirs. It is mostly made up of methane.

Answer 18

Natural gas

Question 19

• Is a substance composed of chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen. It is one of the most plentiful and essential of compounds, and is found in gaseous, liquid and solid states.
• Water is a natural resource that is widely used for various purposes such as drinking, washing, bathing, cleaning, cooking, irrigation and other industrial and domestic uses.

Answer 19

Water

Question 20

• Are natural sources of water that are potentially useful.
• It can be natural sources (lake, rivers, ground reservoir, falls) or man-made sources of water (dams, tanks)
• Has two types; Salt water and Fresh water (Underground & Surface water)

Answer 20

Water resources

Question 21

• Is abundant in the surface (surface water) of the planet which contains high concentration of dissolve sodium chloride (salt)

Answer 21

Salt water

Question 22

is a process that removes dissolved salts and minerals from water.

Answer 22

desalination

Question 23

• Is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids.

Answer 23

Freshwater

Question 24

• Any body of water above ground, including streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, reservoirs and creeks
• Is part on the process of water or hydrologic cycle

Answer 24

Surface Water

Question 25

- A fresh water located in the subsurface pore space of soil and rocks (aquifers). - It is the largest source of fresh water.

Answer 25

Ground water

Question 26

are bodies of rock and/or sediment with the ability to store and transmit water. Has two types:

Answer 26

Aquifers

Question 27

collect water straight from the surface

Answer 27

Unconfined

Question 28

are trapped between two rock layers

Answer 28

Confined

Question 29

- Are also known as hydrologic cycle. It is the continuous movement of water on, above and below surface of the earth.

Answer 29

Water cycle

Question 30

is the change of water from its liquid form to gas (water vapor). The liquid water comes from surface water.

Answer 30

Evaporation

Question 31

also involves the change from liquid to gas, but the liquid water comes from plants

Answer 31

Evotranspiration

Question 32

is the change of phase from gas to liquid. This forms clouds.

Answer 32

Condensation

Question 33

the process where ice directly converts into water vapor ( solid to gas) without first melting into liquid water.

Answer 33

Sublimation

Question 34

involves the release of water from clouds. Examples of precipitation types are rain and snow.

Answer 34

Precipitation

Question 35

involves the seepage of water into the ground.

Answer 35

Infiltration

Question 36

occurs when precipitation exceeds infiltration.

Answer 36

Run off

Question 37

- It is the condition of water including its chemical, physical and biological characteristics, that usually concern with its suitability particular purpose such as drinking or swimming.

Answer 37

Water quality

Question 38

- is defined as the quantity of water that can be use for human purposes without significant harm to ecosystem or other users.

Answer 38

Water availability

Question 39

sediments can occur in bodies of water naturally but they are also produced in large amounts because of land use change and agriculture. When they occur in large amounts in bodies of water, these sediments can harm plants and animals due to the reason that it can reduces the amount of sunlight penetrating the water, raising water temperature etc.

Answer 39

Sedimentation

Question 40

human excessive waste disposal contributes to the pollution in water resources, such pollution can affect the quality of rainwater and water resources both above and below ground, thus damaging our natural system.

Answer 40

Pollution

Question 41

it disrupts water cycle due to imbalance transpiration, changing climate due to low carbon capturing and increased evaporation. Forest is crucial in controlling the hydrological cycle by absorbing and releasing water.

Answer 41

Deforestation

Question 42

usually directly affect natural ecosystem and directly or indirectly on water resources. Landscape changes such as clearance of forest, the conversion of natural landscape to farmland, the growth of cities, the building of roads and surface mining. Due to this the supply of quality water decreases for it promotes increase erosion, salinity, chemical loadings and pathogens.

Answer 42

Landscape changes

Question 43

- The practice of using water efficiently to reduce unnecessary water usage to prevent water scarcity

Answer 43

Water conservation

Question 44

o A biologically active, porous medium that has developed in the uppermost layer of Earth’s crust. o It is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids and organism that together support life of plants and soil organisms. o Is a natural body comprised of solids (minerals and organic matter)

Answer 44

Soil

Question 45

* Is a scientific theory that explains the large-scale motion of the Earth’s lithosphere * The Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move relative to each other.

Answer 45

Plate tectonics

Question 46

- Plates move apart from each other. This movement often results in the formation of new crust as magma rises to the Earth's surface, creating mid-ocean ridges and volcanic activity.

Answer 46

Divergent

Question 47

- Plates move towards each other. When plates collide, one plate may be forced beneath another in a process called subduction, leading to the formation of trenches, mountain ranges, and volcanic arcs.

Answer 47

Convergent

Question 48

- Also called as strike slip fault boundary - Plates slide past each other horizontally. This lateral movement can cause earthquakes along faults, with the San Andreas Fault being a well-known example.

Answer 48

Transform plate

Question 49

- Bends in rock layers that occur due to compressive forces when plates collide

Answer 49

Folds

Question 50

Fractures in the Earth's crust where significant displacement has occurred due to plate movements. These can be categorized into normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults, horst and graben.

Answer 50

Faults