earth science apr 24

Question 1

What are the primary gases released during a volcanic eruption?

Answer 1

Water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ash.

Question 2

True or False: Volcanic eruptions can lead to short-term cooling of the Earth’s climate.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

Fill in the blank: Volcanic eruptions can inject _______ into the stratosphere, affecting climate patterns.

Answer 3

aerosols.

Question 4

Which volcanic eruption in 1991 had a significant impact on global temperatures?

Answer 4

Mount Pinatubo.

Question 5

What is the term for the cooling effect caused by volcanic ash and sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere?

Answer 5

Volcanic winter.

Question 6

How can volcanic eruptions affect precipitation patterns?

Answer 6

They can lead to changes in rainfall distribution and intensity.

Question 7

What phenomenon can result from the increase in aerosols in the atmosphere after a volcanic eruption?

Answer 7

Global dimming.

Question 8

True or False: Volcanic eruptions have no long-term effects on climate.

Answer 8

False.

Question 9

Short Answer: Name one way volcanic eruptions can affect agriculture.

Answer 9

By altering temperature and precipitation patterns.

Question 10

Which gas released by volcanoes contributes to the greenhouse effect?

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The _______ effect refers to the warming that can occur after a volcanic eruption due to greenhouse gases.

Answer 11

greenhouse.

Question 12

What is the impact of volcanic ash on sunlight?

Answer 12

It can block sunlight, leading to cooling.

Question 13

True or False: Volcanic eruptions can lead to acid rain.

Answer 13

True.

Question 14

Multiple Choice: What is a common impact of volcanic eruptions on local weather?

Answer 14

Changes in temperature and precipitation.

Question 15

What is the role of sulfur dioxide in climate change following a volcanic eruption?

Answer 15

It can form sulfate aerosols that reflect sunlight.

Question 16

How long can the climatic effects of a major volcanic eruption last?

Answer 16

From a few months to several years.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: Volcanic eruptions can increase the amount of _______ in the atmosphere.

Answer 17

aerosols.

Question 18

Short Answer: What can be a consequence of prolonged volcanic activity on climate?

Answer 18

Persistent cooling trends.

Question 19

True or False: All volcanic eruptions cause significant climate change.

Answer 19

False.

Question 20

What is the main way that volcanic eruptions influence global temperatures?

Answer 20

By injecting large quantities of ash and gases into the stratosphere.

Question 21

Which type of volcanic eruption has the most significant impact on climate?

Answer 21

Explosive eruptions.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The _______ of a volcanic eruption can determine its climatic impact.

Answer 22

magnitude.

Question 23

Multiple Choice: Which of the following does NOT result from a volcanic eruption?

Answer 23

Increased ozone levels.

Question 24

Short Answer: What is one method scientists use to study the effects of past volcanic eruptions on climate?

Answer 24

Analyzing ice cores.

Question 25

True or False: Volcanic eruptions can contribute to both short-term cooling and long-term warming.

Answer 25

True.

Question 26

What is a potential health risk associated with volcanic ash fallout?

Answer 26

Respiratory problems.

Question 27

What pages must be read and interpreted for the test?

Answer 27

Pages 2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15 in the ESRT

Question 28

What factors control/affect climate?

Answer 28

* Latitude * Elevation * Large bodies of water * Ocean currents * Mountains * Global (planetary) winds

Question 29

What effect does a volcanic eruption have on weather/climate?

Answer 29

Reduces sunlight reaching the ground, causing temporary cooling

Question 30

What causes ocean currents?

Answer 30

Global winds pushing on the surface of the water in the oceans

Question 31

How do warm ocean currents affect air temperatures?

Answer 31

Warm ocean currents warm the air above them

Question 32

How do cold ocean currents affect air temperatures?

Answer 32

Cold ocean currents cool the air above them

Question 33

What phenomenon explains the rain shadow effect?

Answer 33

Orographic lift

Question 34

What is the effect of proximity to large bodies of water on climate?

Answer 34

Moderation of climates for locations near large bodies of water

Question 35

What skills must be developed regarding climate graphs?

Answer 35

Ability to read and interpret data in climate graphs

Question 36

How do clouds form at cold and warm fronts?

Answer 36

Clouds form through condensation of air moisture

Question 37

How do winds behave around a center of low air pressure?

Answer 37

Winds blow inward and counterclockwise

Question 38

How do winds behave around a center of high air pressure?

Answer 38

Winds blow outward and clockwise

Question 39

What is a synoptic weather map?

Answer 39

A map that includes information on fronts and mid-latitude cyclones

Question 40

What is the purpose of isotherms on a map?

Answer 40

To represent areas of equal temperature

Question 41

What is the purpose of isobars on a map?

Answer 41

To represent areas of equal atmospheric pressure

Question 42

What type of air pressure is found in the center of a hurricane?

Answer 42

Low air pressure

Question 43

What do hurricanes need to form?

Answer 43

Warm ocean water, moisture in the atmosphere, and low wind shear

Question 44

Where do hurricanes typically form?

Answer 44

Over warm tropical oceans

Question 45

What fuels a hurricane?

Answer 45

Warm, moist air

Question 46

How do winds spin in a hurricane?

Answer 46

Counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere

Question 47

By what criteria is a hurricane categorized?

Answer 47

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale

Question 48

What is the eye of a hurricane?

Answer 48

The calm center of the hurricane

Question 49

What is the eye wall of a hurricane?

Answer 49

The area of intense winds and rain surrounding the eye

Question 50

What are the conditions like in the eye of a hurricane?

Answer 50

Calm and clear

Question 51

What causes hurricanes to travel across the surface of the oceans?

Answer 51

Global winds

Question 52

What causes hurricanes to change their direction of movement?

Answer 52

Steering winds in the atmosphere

Question 53

What situations cause a hurricane to die out?

Answer 53

* Moving over cooler waters * Encountering land

Question 54

What is a storm surge?

Answer 54

A rise in sea level due to a hurricane's winds

Question 55

What dangers are involved when a hurricane crosses onto land?

Answer 55

Flooding, wind damage, and storm surge

Question 56

What precautions should people take in the event of a hurricane?

Answer 56

* Evacuation * Boarding up windows

Question 57

What is orographic lift?

Answer 57

The process of air rising over mountains, causing precipitation

Question 58

What is Lake Effect Snow?

Answer 58

Snowfall caused by cold air passing over warmer lake waters

Question 59

What does the El Nino effect describe?

Answer 59

A climate pattern affecting weather conditions globally

Question 60

What must be understood about a station model?

Answer 60

Reading weather data presented in a standardized format

Question 61

What is the formula to calculate the groundspeed of a hurricane or tornado?

Answer 61

Speed = distance traveled divided by the time it took to travel

Question 62

What is the characteristic air pressure found in the center of a tornado?

Answer 62

Very low air pressure

Question 63

Where do tornadoes most commonly form in the USA?

Answer 63

In Tornado Alley

Question 64

What type of weather conditions are needed to cause a tornado to form?

Answer 64

Severe thunderstorms with wind shear

Question 65

In what direction do tornadoes usually travel?

Answer 65

Generally northeast

Question 66

How are tornadoes classified on the Fujita scale?

Answer 66

Based on the damage they cause

Question 67

What are the dangers involved to people and property in a tornado?

Answer 67

Destruction of buildings, injury, and loss of life

Question 68

What precautions should people take in the event of a tornado?

Answer 68

* Seek shelter * Avoid windows

Question 69

What is a direct relationship?

Answer 69

When one variable increases, the other also increases

Question 70

What is an inverse relationship?

Answer 70

When one variable increases, the other decreases