Earth space and science | Midterm Review

Question 1

The area of Earth science that examines the physical and biological changes that have occurred in Earth’s past is called

A. meteorology C. Physical Geology
B. Oceanography D. Historical geology

Answer 1

D. Historical geology

Question 2

The outer planets — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune — are made up of ___.

a. Hydrogen, Helium, and water
b. Iron, nickel, and carbon dioxide
c. carbon, oxygen, and methane
d.Water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and methane

Answer 2

d. Water carbon dioxide, ammonia, and methane

Question 3

What are the three main parts of the geosphere?
a. Atmosphere, crust, core
b. crust, mantle, and core
c. lithosphere, mantle, core
D. asthenosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere

Answer 3

b. Crust, mantle, and core

Question 4

The theory of planet tectonic helps scientists explain ____.
a. How ocean currents move over Earth’s surface
b. why hurricanes occur
c. how earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur
d. why Earth’s core is less dense than the mantle

Answer 4

c. how earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur

Question 5

According to the plate tectonic model, what layers form Earth’s rigid mobile plates?
a. Inner and outer core
b. upper and lower mantle
c. crust only
d.crust and uppermost mantle

Answer 5

d. crust and uppermost mantle

Question 6

Mercator projection map shows ______.
A. accurate directions, but has distorted sizes and distances
b. accurate distances, size, and shapes, but has distortions around the edges
c. accurate size, but has distorted distance
d. accurate size and distances only at the center of the map

Answer 6

a. accurate directions, but has diatoreted sizes and distances

Question 7

On a topographic map, contour lines that form a circle indicate a(n)
a. lake
b. Ocean
c. hill
d. depression

Answer 7

c. hill

Question 7

Earth is considered a system because all of its parts ___.
a represent closed system
b. interact
c. were formed at the smae time
d. are powered byt he smae energy source

Answer 7

b. interact

Question 7

what are the two sources of energy for the earth’s system?
a. lighting and the sun
b. the sun and Earth’s interior
c. the sun and wind
d. Earth’s interior and the winds

Answer 7

b. the sun and Earth’s interior

Question 8

The sun’s energy drives which of the following processes?
a. volcanic eruptions
b. earthquakes
c. weather and ocean circulation
d. mountain building

Answer 8

c. weather and ocean circulation

Question 9

Which of the following is powered by energy from Earth’s interior?
a. erosion
b. a volcano
c. weather
d. ocean circulation

Answer 9

b. a volcano

Question 10

Which of the following is an environmental hazard created by humans?
a. air pollution
b. water pollution
c. mountain building
d. deforestation

Answer 10

a. air pollution

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT caused by human interaction with the earth system?
a. air pollution
b. water pollution
c. mountain building
d. deforestation

Answer 11

c. mountain building

Question 12

How could the building of a dam affect the Earth’s system?
a. A dam could cause the flooding of a nearby forest
b. A dam could destroy a fish species that needs swiftly moving water
c. A dam could block the migration of spawning fish
d. all of the above

Answer 12

d. all of the above

Question 13

A scientific hypothesis can become a theory if __.
a. the entire scientific community accepts it
b. hypothesis is tested extensively and competing hypotheses are eliminated
c. there are no other competing hypotheses
d. the hypothesis can be tested at least once

Answer 13

b. the hypothesis is testes extensively and competing hypotheses are eliminated

Question 14

A preliminary, untested explanation that tries to explain how or why things happen in the manner observed is a scientific
a. law
b. theory
c. fact
hypothesis

Answer 14

d. hypothesis

Question 15

When water freezes, its volume__.
a. decreases slightly
b. increases
c. stays the same
d. decreases greatly

Answer 15

b. increases

Question 16

Which of the following is the result of chemical weathering
a. a rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds
b. a rock that has been broken into tiny pieces
c. a rock that has been split in two
d. a rock that has lost its outer layers

Answer 16

a. a rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds

Question 17

Which of the following is not a major component of soil
a. mineral matter
b. air
c. humus
d. earthworms

Answer 17

d. earthworms

Question 18

The main source of organic matter in soil is ___.
a. water
b. plants
c. fungi
d. bacteria

Answer 18

b. plants

Question 19

In which of the following areas will soil formation be greatest?
a. a steep slope in a warm, wet climate
b. a flat area in a cold, wet climate
c. a flat area in a warm, wet climate
d. a north-facing area on a steep slope

Answer 19

c. a flat area in a warm, wet climate

Question 20

what is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
a. oxygen
b. nitrogen
c. carbon dioxide
d. argon

Answer 20

a. oxygen

Question 21

what is the third most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
a. oxygen
b. nitrogen
c. carbon dioxide
d. argon

Answer 21

d. argon