Earthquake

Question 1

Earthquake

Answer 1

• sudden shaking of the earth’s
  interior
• Earthquakes are associated with
  faults, when a fault suddenly
  moves, an earthquake occurs

Question 2

Fault

Answer 2

• Weak point in the tectonic plate where pressure within the crust is released

Question 3

Fault plane

Answer 3

the surface along where the plate breaks or slides

Question 4

Fault Trace

Answer 4

the visible disturbance on the surface, also referred as fault line

Question 5

Hanging wall

Answer 5

the material that rest above the fault

Question 6

Foot wall

Answer 6

the material that rest below the fault

Question 7

Types of Faults

Answer 7

Dip-Slip
- normal
-reverse
Strike-slip
-left lateral
-right lateral

Question 8

Dip Slip Fault

Answer 8

This occurs when the hanging wall
slides up and down with respect to
the footwall

Question 9

Normal Fault

Answer 9

-hanging wall moves down
- pulling apart or extensional

Question 10

Reverse Fault

Answer 10

• Hanging wall moves up
• compressional/push toward each other

Question 11

Strike slip

Answer 11

• motion is horizontal or sideways
• transcurrent fault

Question 12

Active fault

Answer 12

move one or more times in the last 10000 years

Question 13

Inactive fault

Answer 13

did not move for millions of years

Question 14

Focus

Answer 14

where earthquake begins

Question 15

Epicenter

Answer 15

point in the ground directly above the focus

Question 16

Magnitude

Answer 16

• relative size or strength of an earthquake
• measured using a seismograph
• Richter scale (Charles Richter)
• hindu arabic

Question 17

Intensity

Answer 17

• severity of an earthquake in terms of its effects
• roman numerals
• Mercalli Scale (Guiseppe Mercalli)
• PHIVOLCS Earthquake intensity scale (PEIS)

Question 18

Intensity scale

Answer 18

I - Scarcely Perceptible
II - Slightly felt
III - Weak
IV - Moderately Strong
V - Strong
VI- Very Strong
VII - Destructive
VIII - Very Destructive
IX - Devastating
X - Completely Devastating

Question 19

Richter Scale

Answer 19

less tha 2.0 - Micro
2.0-2.9 - Minor
3.0-3.9 - Minor
4.0-4.9 - Light
5.0-5.9 - Moderate
6.0-6.9 - Strong
7.0-7.9 - Major
8.0-8.9 - Great
9.0-9.9 - Great
10.0 above - Massive

Question 20

PHIVOLCS

Answer 20

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

Question 21

Seismic Waves

Answer 21

• Waves that transmit energy released by an earthquake
• Vibrations caused by the earthquake

Question 22

Surface waves

Answer 22

• Travel through the surface of the earth
• Love wave and Rayleigh wave

Question 23

Body waves

Answer 23

• penetrate through the layers of the earth
  -P and S

Question 24

P wave

Answer 24

• Compressional
• Primary wave
• Fastest
• Push rocks in direction they are travelling

Question 25

S wave

Answer 25

- Shear wave - Secondary wave - displace rocks at right angle

Question 26

Love wave

Answer 26

- Augustus Edward Hough Love - side to side

Question 27

Rayleigh wave

Answer 27

- John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh - up and down