Earthquake and Volcanos

Question 1

Ring of Fire

Answer 1

The Ring of Fire is a region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. The Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped belt about 40,000 km long and up to about 500 km wide

Question 2

Strike-slip fault

Answer 2

strike-slip fault - a fault on which the two blocks slide past one another. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a right lateral fault

Question 3

Normal fault

Answer 3

Normal, faults are inclined fractures where the blocks have mostly shifted vertically. If the rock mass above an inclined fault moves down, the fault is termed normal, whereas if the rock above the fault moves up, the fault is termed a Reverse fault.

Question 4

Reverse faul

Answer 4

Reverse faults are exactly the opposite of normal faults. If the hanging wall rises relative to the footwall, you have a reverse fault.

Question 5

P-waves

Answer 5

a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a back-and-fourth direction

Question 6

S-waves

Answer 6

a seismic wave that causes particles to move in a side-to-side direction

Question 7

epicenter

Answer 7

the point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.

Question 8

focus

Answer 8

A deep-focus earthquake in seismology is an earthquake with a hypocenter depth exceeding 300 km

Question 9

Richter magnitude scale

Answer 9

The Richter magnitude scale, also known as the local magnitude (M) scale, assigns a number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake

Question 10

explosive volcano

Answer 10

In volcanology, an explosive eruption is a volcanic eruption of the most violent type

Question 11

nonexplosive volcano

Answer 11

Nonexplosive eruptions are the most common type of volcanic eruptions. These eruptions produce relatively calm flows of lava in huge amounts.

Question 12

Krakatoa

Answer 12

the eruption of the main island of Krakatoa (or Krakatau) killed more than 36,000 people, making it one of the most devastating volcanic eruptions in human history

Question 13

Yellowstone supervolcano

Answer 13

The Yellowstone Caldera, sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano, is a volcanic caldera and supervolcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States

Question 14

San Andreas fault

Answer 14

The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers through California

Question 15

Mid-oceanic ridge

Answer 15

The mid-ocean ridge is a continuous range of undersea volcanic mountains that encircles the globe almost entirely underwater.

Question 16

Shield volcano

Answer 16

Shield volcanoes are the largest volcanoes on Earth that actually look like volcanoes not counting flood basalt flows

Question 17

Cinder cone volcano

Answer 17

A cinder cone is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic clinkers, volcanic ash, or cinder that has been built around a volcanic vent.

Question 18

Composite volcano

Answer 18

A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers of hardened lava and tephra

Question 19

Hot spot

Answer 19

a small area or region with a relatively hot temperature in comparison to its surroundings

Question 20

Mt. Vesuvius

Answer 20

Mount Vesuvius is a somma-stratovolcano located on the Gulf of Naples in Campania, Italy, about 9 km east of Naples and a short distance from the shore