earthquake/volcano Flashcards
ring of fire
The Ring of Fire is a region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur
strike-slip fault
strike-slip fault, also called transcurrent fault, wrench fault, or lateral fault, in geology, a fracture in the rocks of Earth’s crust in which the rock masses slip past one another parallel to the strike,
normal fault
inclined fractures where the blocks have mostly shifted vertically
reverse fault
Reverse faults are exactly the opposite of normal faults. If the hanging wall rises relative to the footwall, you have a reverse fault. Reverse faults occur in areas undergoing compression (squishing)
p-waves
Image result for p-waves
A P wave, or compressional wave, is a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth in the same direction and the opposite direction as the direction the wave is moving.
s-waves
S waves, secondary waves, or shear waves are a type of elastic wave and are one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface waves.
epicenter
The epicenter, epicentre or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
focus
the point along a fault at which the first motion of an earth quake occurs
Richter magnitude scale
The Richter magnitude scale, also known as the local magnitude (M) scale, assigns a number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake. It is a base-10 logarithmic scale.
explosive volcano
an explosive eruption is a volcanic eruption of the most violent type.
nonexplosive volcano
Nonexplosive eruptions are the most common type of volcanic eruptions. These eruptions produce relatively calm flows of lava in huge amounts. … Vast areas of the Earth’s surface, including much of the sea floor and the Northwestern United States, are covered with lava form nonexplosive eruptions.
krakatoa
Krakatoa, also transcribed Krakatau, is a caldera in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung. The caldera is part of a volcanic island group comprising four islands
yellowstone supervolcano
The Yellowstone Caldera, sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano, is a volcanic caldera and supervolcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States. The caldera and most of the park are located in the northwest corner of Wyoming
San Andreas fault
The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers through California. It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and its motion is right-lateral strike-slip
Mid-oceanic ridge
The mid-ocean ridge is a continuous range of undersea volcanic mountains that encircles the globe almost entirely underwater. … It formed and evolves as a result of spreading in Earth’s lithosphere—the crust and upper mantle—at the divergent boundaries between tectonic plates.
