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Clark Earth Science > Earthquakes > Flashcards

Earthquakes Flashcards

1
Q

What type of fault and stress are at a transform boundary?

A

strike slip, shearing

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2
Q

What layer of Earth do all earthquakes occur?

A

lithosphere

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3
Q

What is a break in Earth’s lithosphere, along which blocks of rock move past each other?

A

fault

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4
Q

What is a shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of stress along a fault?

A

earthquake

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5
Q

What is the force exerted when an object presses on, pulls on, or pushes against another object?

A

stress

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6
Q

What type of fault and stress are at a divergent boundary?

A

normal, tension

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7
Q

What determines the strength of an earthquake?

A

amount of stress and distance rocks move

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8
Q

What type of fault and stress are at a convergent boundary?

A

reverse, compression

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9
Q

What is a bending of a wave from medium to medium?

A

refraction

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10
Q

What is the point IN Earth where the earthquake starts?

A

focus

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11
Q

What type of wave can travel through all layers of the Earth?

A

Primary waves (P-waves)

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12
Q

What type of boundaries could have deeper earthquakes?

A

convergent

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13
Q

What is a bouncing of a wave off an object?

A

reflection

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14
Q

What type of wave does the most damage to Earth’s surface?

A

surface waves

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15
Q

What is the point ON Earth where the earthquake starts?

A

epicenter

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16
Q

What type of wave cannot travel through the outer core?

A

secondary wave

17
Q

What is a bending of a wave around an obstacle?

A

diffraction

18
Q

What type of seismic wave is the fastest?

A

Primary wave (P-wave)

19
Q

How many seismic stations are needed to find the location of the epicenter?

A

three

20
Q

What is an instrument used to record earthquakes?

A

seismograph

21
Q

What do waves carry from place to place?

A

energy

22
Q

What type of wave do particles run parallel to the direction of the wave?

A

longitudinal wave

23
Q

What is the difference in arrival time of the P-wave and the S-wave?

A

lag time

24
Q

What allows waves to move in all directions away from the focus?

A

vibrations

25
Q

What type of wave do particles run perpendicular to the direction of the wave?

A

transverse wave

26
Q

What are movements of soil and rocks down a hill or mountain?

A

landslides

27
Q

Why is a seismic gap dangerous?

A

stress builds up and there could be a massive earthquake

28
Q

What are tidal waves which are triggered by an earthquake?

A

tsunami

29
Q

What is an area of many earthquakes followed by few or no earthquakes?

A

seismic gap

30
Q

What is the process in which shaking of the ground causes soil to act like a liquid?

A

liquefaction

31
Q

What is a smaller earthquake that follows a powerful one in the same area?

A

aftershock

Clark Earth Science (11 decks)

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