Earthquakes

Question 1

Are earthquakes common in Taiwan and surrounding countries?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

Why is it important to know where earthquakes are more likely to occur?

Answer 2

you need to know how to prepare

Question 3

what are some hazards associated with the collapse of a building from an earthquake?

Answer 3

power lines down, electrical dangers, collapsed buildings

Question 4

The movement of the Earth’s plates can create strong ___ that slowly ____ and _____ many rocks

Answer 4

forces, bend and fold

Question 5

All rocks will ____.

Answer 5

break

Question 6

Stress adds ____ to the rock in which this energy is ____ until it is released.

Answer 6

energy; stored

Question 7

When the rock changes _______ or breaks is when the stored energy is released.

Answer 7

shape

Question 8

What happens at places where rock is under stress and breaks?

Answer 8

energy is released and an earthquake is formed

Question 9

what are 3 ways that force can cause stress in rocks?

Answer 9

tension, compression, shearing

Question 10

how do forces acting on rock cause tension?

Answer 10

by pulling away from each other

Question 11

how do forces acting on a rock cause compression?

Answer 11

by pushing toward each other.

Question 12

how do forces acting on a rock cause shearing?

Answer 12

by pushing 2 masses of rock in opposite direction

Question 13

what is a fault?

Answer 13

break in the crust

Question 14

where do most faults occur?

Answer 14

at plate boundaries

Question 15

when enough stress builds up in the rock, the rock _____, creating a _____.

Answer 15

breaks, fault

Question 16

what are three types of faults?

Answer 16

normal, reverse, strike-slip

Question 17

what kind of stress causes a normal fault?

Answer 17

tension

Question 18

what kind of stress causes a reverse fault?

Answer 18

compression

Question 19

what kind of stress causes a strike-slip fault?

Answer 19

shearing

Question 20

Normal Fault: type of stress and plate movement

Answer 20

tension, divergent

Question 21

Reverse Fault: type of stress and plate movement

Answer 21

compression, convergent

Question 22

Strike Slip Fault: type of stress and plate movement

Answer 22

shearing, transform

Question 23

how can earth’s crust be changed over time

Answer 23

it can be stretched, folded, or uplifted by plate movements

Question 24

folds are ____ in rock that form ______ earth’s crust.

Answer 24

bends; when compression shortens and thickens the

Question 25

what kind of stress causes folding of the crust?

Answer 25

compression

Question 26

what are 3 mountain ranges formed by folding?

Answer 26

appalachian, himalayans, alps

Question 27

2 types of folds are ___ and ____

Answer 27

syncline and anticline

Question 28

a fold in a rock that bends _____ into an arch is an _____.

Answer 28

upward, anticline

Question 29

a fold in a rock that bends ___ to form a V shape is a _____.

Answer 29

downward, syncline

Question 30

how are folded mountains formed?

Answer 30

the collision of 2 plates can cause compression and folding of the crust over a wide area

Question 31

the forces that raise mountains can also ___ or raise ____

Answer 31

uplift, plateau

Question 32

some plateaus form when:

Answer 32

forces in Earth's crust push up a large, flat block of rock

Question 33

give a location of a plateau

Answer 33

4 corners region of Arizona Utah Colorado and New Mexico

Question 34

Earthquakes are detected _____.

Answer 34

daily

Question 35

some earthquakes are too ____ to notice while big earthquakes can _____, ____, and cause great damage.

Answer 35

small, crack open the ground, shift mountains

Question 36

the ______ cause earthquakes

Answer 36

force of plate movements

Question 37

plate movements produce ____ in Earth's crust, adding ____ to rock and forming faults.

Answer 37

stress | energy

Question 38

______ increases along a _____ until the rock slips or breaks, causing an ______

Answer 38

Stress Fault earthquake

Question 39

when an earthquake occurs, a great amount of ____ is _____.

Answer 39

energy | released

Question 40

When an earthquake occurs, a great amount of energy is released. This energy comes in the form of ________

Answer 40

seismic waves

Question 41

The ___ or ___ of the _____ depends on the material it passes through

Answer 41

speed or path | wave

Question 42

What does energy in an earthquake wave come from ?

Answer 42

seismic waves

Question 43

what releases the energy ?

Answer 43

the breaking or slipping of rock

Question 44

the ____ is the area within the Earth where rocks that are under stress begins to move resulting in an earthquake.

Answer 44

focus

Question 45

the point above the focus located on the ___ of the earth is called an _____

Answer 45

surface | epicenter

Question 46

most earthquakes begin in which layer of the earth?

Answer 46

lithosphere

Question 47

____ carry energy from the earthquake's _____

Answer 47

Seismic waves | focus

Question 48

``` P wave speed: originated from: how they travel: materials traveled through: ```

Answer 48

first to arrive/fastest focus (underground) compress and expand solids, liquids, gases

Question 49

``` S wave: speed: originated from: how they travel: materials traveled through: ```

Answer 49

second to arrive after P waves focus (underground) side to side solids

Question 50

``` Surface waves: speed: originated from: how they travel: materials traveled through: ```

Answer 50

moves slowly above ground when P or S waves come to the surface ground rolls like ocean waves solids, liquids, and gases

Question 51

name the most destructive wave and why is it the most destructive?

Answer 51

surface waves because it is above ground and is the slowest wave. Being slow creates more destruction.

Question 52

Earthquakes are waves of ____ that travel through and on the surface of the Earth.

Answer 52

energy

Question 53

What does a seismograph measure?

Answer 53

seismic waves

Question 54

Modified Mercali Scale is rated by:

Answer 54

observing the amount of damage done by the shaking of an earthquake. No use of instruments.

Question 55

Richter Scale (magnitude scale) is rated by:

Answer 55

seismographs are used to determine the size of the earthquake's wave

Question 56

Moment Magnitude scale (magnitude scale) is rated by:

Answer 56

total energy an earthquake releases

Question 57

what does the Modified Mercali scale indicate?

Answer 57

the amount of damage done by an earthquake

Question 58

which scale measure the amount of energy released by an earthquake?

Answer 58

moment magnitude scale

Question 59

on which scale would an earthquake's strength vary from one place to another? Why?

Answer 59

the Modified Mercali scale because the amount of shaking that people feel and the amount of damage very from place to place

Question 60

seismographs record information on a

Answer 60

seismogram

Question 61

the seismogram is a pattern of lines which records an earthquake. the lines on the paper mark time. why is this important to know the time of the vibration?

Answer 61

scientists need to know the time difference between the arrival of P and S waves.

Question 62

what does the height of the lines represent?

Answer 62

the higher the line, the stronger the earthquake.

Question 63

what is an aftershock?

Answer 63

smaller earthquakes that occurs after the larger earthquake

Question 64

where to most earthquakes occur?

Answer 64

at plate boundaries

Question 65

What region of the US has had the most earthquakes?

Answer 65

western US

Question 66

where would you expect an earthquake to occur in the US? Why?

Answer 66

California because there are many faults located in California.

Question 67

List 6 places from around the world that have had many earthquakes

Answer 67

Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, New Zealand, Mexico, Alaska, California

Question 68

What do all these earthquakes have in common?

Answer 68

they are at edges of plates

Question 69

list 4 places that have not had many earthquakes. why?

Answer 69

Brazil, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Russia, Western Africa. They are not near edges of plates.

Question 70

What is the Ring Of Fire?

Answer 70

A plate composed of the Pacific Ocean that has boundaries with many other plates. Plate boundaries form a ring around the Pacific Ocean.

Question 71

a force that acts on rock to change the shape or volume

Answer 71

stress

Question 72

stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle

Answer 72

tension

Question 73

stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

Answer 73

compression

Question 74

stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement

Answer 74

shearing

Question 75

a type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward, caused by tension in the crust

Answer 75

normal fault

Question 76

a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust

Answer 76

reverse fault

Question 77

a type of fault in which rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down movement

Answer 77

strike slip fault

Question 78

a large landform that has high elevation and a more or less level surface

Answer 78

plateau

Question 79

the shaking that results from the movement of rom beneath Earth's surface

Answer 79

earthquake

Question 80

the point beneath Earth's surface where rock first breaks under stress and causes an earthquake

Answer 80

focus

Question 81

the type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground

Answer 81

p wave

Question 82

a type of seismic wave in which the shaking is perpendicular to the direction of the wave

Answer 82

s wave

Question 83

a type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth's surface

Answer 83

surface wave

Question 84

a device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth

Answer 84

seismograph

Question 85

a scale that rates the amount of shaking from an earthquake

Answer 85

modified mercali scale

Question 86

the measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults

Answer 86

magnitude

Question 87

a scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves

Answer 87

richter scale

Question 88

a scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by the earthquake

Answer 88

moment magnitude scale

Question 89

the record of an earthquake's seismic waves produced by a seismograph

Answer 89

seismogram

Question 90

smaller earthquakes that occur after a larger earthquake

Answer 90

aftershock

Question 91

a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level

Answer 91

plateau

Question 92

A flat layered block of rock lies somewhere in earth's crust. Forces in the crust life a large area upward. Once the rock is lifted, what occurs?

Answer 92

Weathering and erosion changes the edges of the landform. You can see loose rock around the base of the plateau (evidence of rock slides)