Earthquakes and Hazards

Question 1

fault

Answer 1

a crack in the earth’s crust where movement occurs

Question 2

fault plane / surface

Answer 2

the plane on which movement occurs

Question 3

slips

Answer 3

Faults build up energy/pressure over time that eventually becomes too great and the fault “slips” / releases energy and creates and earthquake

Question 4

Earthquakes occur mostly along

Answer 4

tectonic plate bounderies

Question 5

focus / hypocenter

Answer 5

the point beneath the surface of the earth where the energy is released

Question 6

epicenter

Answer 6

the point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus

Question 7

seismic waves

Answer 7

seismic energy that radiates away from where the slip began

Question 8

Body Waves

Answer 8

travel through the body of the earth to the surface

Question 9

p-waves / primary waves

Answer 9

particles in rock vibrate back and forth in the overall direction that the wave is traveling (travel fast and reach the surface first)

Question 10

S-waves / secondary waves

Answer 10

particles move perpendicular to the overall direction that the wave is traveling

Question 11

Surface Waves

Answer 11

travel across the surface of the earth

Question 12

L-waves / love waves

Answer 12

particles vibrate horizontally (parallel to the ground surface)

Question 13

R-waves / Rayleigh waves

Answer 13

particles move in a circular pattern opposite the direction in which the wave is traveling

Question 14

seismometer

Answer 14

instrument anchored in bedrock that detects earthquakes by measuring the amount of ground movement associate with each type of seismic wave

Question 15

seismograph

Answer 15

the printed or digital record of ground motion
show ground motion at certian times.

Question 16

triangulation

Answer 16

the process of finding the epicenter of an earthquake by using the distances of seismic stations from the epicenter. (at least 3)

Question 17

effects of ground shaking

Answer 17

buildings damaged
subsidence
landslides
liquefaction

Question 18

subsidence

Answer 18

ground will settle to a different level than before

Question 19

liquefaction

Answer 19

the destabilization of sand or soil when groundwater (water underground) is forced out from between grains during the shaking of earthquakes

Question 20

earthquake hazards

Answer 20

flooding
fire
ground displacement
tsunamis

Question 21

ground displacement

Answer 21

ground movement along a fault that displaces the earth

Question 22

tsunamis

Answer 22

A giant wave (or a series of waves) created by an underwater earthquake