.Earthquakes.- .and.-.Volcanoes. Flashcards
Ring Of Fire
The Ring of Fire is a region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. The Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped belt about 40,000 km long and up to about 500 km wide.
Strike-Slip Fault
Strike-slip tectonics is concerned with the structures formed by, and the tectonic processes associated with, zones of lateral displacement within the Earth’s crust or lithosphere. It is one of the three main types of tectonic regime, the others being extensional tectonics and thrust tectonics.
Normal Fault
normal fault - a dip-slip fault in which the block above the fault has moved downward relative to the block below. This type of faulting occurs in response to extension and is often observed in the Western United States Basin and Range Province and along oceanic ridge systems.
Reverse Fault
A reverse fault is the opposite of a normal fault—the hanging wall moves up relative to the foot wall. Reverse faults indicate compressive shortening of the crust. The dip of a reverse fault is relatively steep, greater than 45°.
P-Waves
A P wave, or a compression wave, is a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth in the same direction and the opposite direction as the direction the wave is moving.
S-Waves
In seismology, S waves, secondary waves, or shear waves are a type of elastic wave and are one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface waves.
Epicenter
the point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.
Focus
the center of interest or activity.
Richter Magnitude Scale
The Richter magnitude scale, also known as the local magnitude (M) scale, assigns a number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake. It is a base-10 logarithmic scale.
Explosive Volcano
In volcano-logy, an explosive eruption is a volcanic eruption of the most violent type.
Non-Explosive Volcano
a non-explosive or effusive eruption In effusive eruptions, lava flows are relatively calm and do not explode out of the volcano. As a result, people generally have a great deal of warning before lava reaches them, so non-explosive eruptions are much less deadly.
Krakatoa
Krakatoa, also transcribed Krakatoa, is a caldera in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung.
Yellowstone Super Volcano
The Yellowstone Caldera is a volcanic caldera and super-volcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States, sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Super-volcano. The caldera and most of the park are located in the northwest corner of Wyoming. The major features of the caldera measure 34 by 45 miles.
San-Andres Fault
The San Andres Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilo meters through California. It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and its motion is right-lateral strike-slip.
Mid-Oceanic Ridge
A mid-ocean ridge is a seafloor mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It typically has a depth of ~ 2,600 meters and rises about two kilo meters above the deepest portion of an ocean basin. This feature is where seafloor spreading takes place along a divergent plate boundary.
