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science 6th grade > Earthquakes test 1/21/16 > Flashcards

Earthquakes test 1/21/16 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Earthquakes

A

plate tectonics, drilling, explosions, volcanoes, etc…

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2
Q

focus/epicenter

A

the center of the earthquake

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3
Q

how do you find an epicenter on a map

A

find the difference between P waves and S waves in arrival time from 3 different seismographs, then measure that in km, then make three circles and the middle will be the epicenter

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4
Q

seismograph

A

an instrument that records and measures an earthquake’s seismic wave and put data into the seismogram

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5
Q

Different types of stress

A

tension, shearing, compression

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6
Q

types of faults

A

normal, reverse, strike slip

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7
Q

types of seismic waves

A

(p) primary, (s) secondary, surface waves

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8
Q

p waves

A

p waves are seismic waves that compress and expand like an accordian

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9
Q

s waves

A

S waves are seismic waves that can vibrate from side to side, up or down

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10
Q

eqipment for measuring earthquakes

A

modified Mercalli scale, Richter scale, moment magnitude scale

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11
Q

surface waves

A

surface waves are seismic waves that go in a circle, and makes buildings shake and roll from side to side

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12
Q

focus of an earthquake

A

The focus of an earthquake is the area beneath the Earth’s surface where rock that was under stress begins to break

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13
Q

epicenter of an earthquake

A

The epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus

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14
Q

stress

A

a force that acts on a rock to change its shape or volume

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15
Q

normal fault

A

a fault caused by tension in the earth’s crust pulling the earth;s crust apart

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16
Q

strike slip fault

A

a fault caused by shearing

17
Q

reverse fault

A

a fault caused by compression, rock breaking and riding over the other rock

18
Q

Where is the Antycline

A

top of folding

19
Q

Where is the Syncline

A

bottom of folding

20
Q

what is the modified mercalli scale

A

it rates the amount of shaking/damage from in earthquake by human eyewitness rated from i-xii

21
Q

liquefaction

A

stiffness of something being reduced by the shaking of the earthquake

22
Q

what is the richter scale

A

a numerical scale for expressing the MAGNITUDE of an earthquake

23
Q

what is an earthquake’s magnitude

A

a single number that geologists assign to an earthquake based on its size

24
Q

Definition of a seismic wave

A

an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means

25
Q

fault block mountains

A

created by tectonic plates and localized stresses in the Earth’s crust

26
Q

what is amplifacation

A

amplification is a process in which the tsunami nears land only on certain sea-floors

27
Q

tension

A

when rock is pulled apart, and the center becomes thinner

28
Q

compression

A

rock being pushed together

29
Q

shearing

A

the rock is pushed and pulled in opposite directions

30
Q

folding

A

when rock bends but it doesn’t break under stress

31
Q

how to defend Tsunamis and be safe from them

A

education, technology, geology

32
Q

Tsunami threats towards the USA

A

Canary Islands (Atlantic), Pacific Northwest, California, Oregon, Vancouver

33
Q

four ways Tsunamis are caused

A

Landslides, Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Things from space (meteorites, astroids, etc…)

34
Q

seismogram

A 
an instrument that draws out earthquakes from the data in the seismograph in straight wavy lines that move 
North
South
East
West
35
Q

magnitude

A

a single # assigned to a earthquake by a geologist based on its size/ the energy released by the earthquake

36
Q

what is the moment magnitude scale

A

an instrument for measuring earthquake’s that measures the total energy given off, and the geology behind it

37
Q

natural things that help stop earthquakes

A

high cliffs, steep rocks

38
Q

The Indian Ocean Tsunami was caused by

A

stick slip frictional properties, and subduction (the subduction boundary was up for so long it pooped all the water had the amplification process towards the land)

science 6th grade (7 decks)

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