earthquakes test

Question 1

an earthquake that occurs after a large earthquake in the same area

Answer 1

aftershock

Question 2

a rock that bends upward into an arch

Answer 2

anticline

Question 3

is designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake

Answer 3

Base-isolated building

Question 4

squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

Answer 4

compression

Question 5

uses a wire stretched across a strike-slip fault to measure horizontal movements of the ground

Answer 5

creep meter

Question 6

what you should do if you are in an earthquake

Answer 6

drop-cover-hold

Question 7

the point on the surface where the earthquake occurred

Answer 7

epicenter

Question 8

a block of rock that rises between two normal faults

Answer 8

fault-block mountain

Question 9

capable of bending easily without breaking

Answer 9

flexible

Question 10

the point at which a rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake

Answer 10

focus/hypocenter

Question 11

the rock that lies below a fault

Answer 11

footwall

Question 12

a device that measures tiny movements of markers set up on the opposite sides of the fault

Answer 12

GPS Satellites

Question 13

the block of rock that lies above the fault

Answer 13

Hanging walls

Question 14

rocks lock together the fault no longer moves once the force is greater than friction an earthquake occurs and the fault breaks

Answer 14

high-friction faults

Question 15

a device that bounces laser beams off a reflector to detect fault movements

Answer 15

laser-ranging device

Question 16

an earthquake’s violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into mud

Answer 16

liquefaction

Question 17

rates earthquakes according to the level of damage at a given place

Answer 17

Mercalli Scale

Question 18

a rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake

Answer 18

Moment-magnitude scale

Question 19

a fault in which one part of the rock is above another part and slip downward when movements occurs

Answer 19

normal fault

Question 20

compress and expand the ground like an accordion

Answer 20

p waves

Question 21

a large land area of flat land elevated high above sea level

Answer 21

plateau

Question 22

the hanging wall slides up and over the footwall

Answer 22

reverse fault

Question 23

rating of an earthquake’s magnitude based on the size on the earthquake’s seismic waves

Answer 23

richter scale

Question 24

vibrate from side to side and up and down very violently

Answer 24

s waves

Question 25

carry the energy of an earthquake all the way from the focus, through Earth’s interior and across the surface

Answer 25

seismic waves

Question 26

the record of an earthquake’s seismic waves produced by a seismograph

Answer 26

seismograph

Question 27

pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions

Answer 27

shearing

Question 28

any force that acts on a rock to change its shape or volume

Answer 28

stress

Question 29

the rock on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up and down motion

Answer 29

Strike-slip fault

Question 30

the slowest wave that shakes buildings from side to side | Syncline-

Answer 30

surface waves

Question 31

a fold in rock that bends downwards to form a valley

Answer 31

syncline

Question 32

pulls on the crust stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle

Answer 32

tension

Question 33

measures tilting or rising of the ground and it works like a carpenter’s level

Answer 33

tiltmeter

Question 34

the water displaced by the earthquake may form a large wave

Answer 34

tsunami

Question 35

What is the fact that adds energy to a rock?

Answer 35

stress

Question 36

Which kind of force/stress creates which type of fault?

Answer 36

``` shearing = strike slip fault tension = normal fault compression = reverse fault ```

Question 37

What is the proper name for P waves?

Answer 37

primary waves

Question 38

What is the proper name for S waves?

Answer 38

secondary waves

Question 39

Which wave is faster? S waves or P waves

Answer 39

p waves

Question 40

How does one go about estimating earthquake risk?

Answer 40

we find the active faults and look back in history

Question 41

Why can’t we predict earthquakes?

Answer 41

we don’t know when or where the seismic energy will release

Question 42

What do most earthquake deaths relate from?

Answer 42

damage building

Question 43

Which seismic wave can travel through both solids and liquids?

Answer 43

P waves

Question 44

What can earthquake damage be reduced by?

Answer 44

building flexibility