Earths Changing Surfaces

Question 0

mechanical weathering

Answer 0

breakdown of rock by physical means ex. Ice water wind gravity animals plants

Question 1

Weathering

Answer 1

The breaking down of rock and soil

Question 2

ice wedging

Answer 2

water seeps into cracks in warm weather expand as ice then melt and repeat the process

Question 3

abrasion

Answer 3

grinding and wearing away of rock surfaces through mechanical action of other rock or sand particles

Question 4

chemical weathering

Answer 4

process by which rock break down as a result of a chemical process ex acid air water

Question 5

soil texture

Answer 5

Soil quality that is based on the proportions of soil particle

Question 6

differential weathering

Answer 6

process by which softer less weather resistant rocks wear away leaving behind harder more weather resistant rock behind

Question 7

soil

Answer 7

loose mixture of rock fragment

Question 8

bedrock

Answer 8

layer of rock beneath the soil

Question 9

Soils structur

Answer 9

arrangement of soil particles

Question 10

humus

Answer 10

dark organic material that is made up of dead plants and animals

Question 11

soil pH

Answer 11

acid level of soil

Question 12

soil horizons

Answer 12

the different layers of soil

Question 13

leaching

Answer 13

the removal of substances that can be dissolved from rock, ore, or layers of soil due to the passing of water

Question 14

soil conservation

Answer 14

protecting the soil from erosion and other harmful things

Question 15

erosion

Answer 15

the process in which soil is moved from one spot to another

Question 16

contour plowing

Answer 16

helps prevent erosion from heavy rain

Question 17

terracing

Answer 17

prevents erosion from heavy rain by making a hill look like steps

Question 18

till farming

Answer 18

prevents erosion by providing cover that reduces water runoff

Question 19

cover crop

Answer 19

restores nutrients to soil

Question 20

shoreline

Answer 20

a boundary between land and a body of water

Question 21

wave period

Answer 21

the time interval between breaking waves

Question 22

surf

Answer 22

breaking waves

Question 23

wave erosion

Answer 23

when waves strike the base of the cliff, which wears away the soil and rock

Question 24

sea stacks

Answer 24

offshore columns of resistant rock that were connected to the mainland

Question 25

sea arches

Answer 25

form when wave action continues to erode a sea cave

Question 26

sea caves

Answer 26

form when waves cut large holes into fractured or weak rock along the base of cliffs

Question 27

headlands

Answer 27

finger-shaped projections that form when cliffs made of hard rock erode more slowly than surrounding rock

Question 28

beach

Answer 28

an area of the shoreline made up of material deposited by waves

Question 29

barrier spit

Answer 29

an exposed sandbar connected to the shoreline

Question 30

saltation

Answer 30

the skipping and bouncing of sand-sized particles in the direction the wind is blowing

Question 31

deflation

Answer 31

wind blows dry soil particles away

Question 32

loess

Answer 32

very fine sediment deposited by wind

Question 33

dunes

Answer 33

mound of deposited sand that keeps its shape

Question 34

glacier

Answer 34

large mass of moving ice

Question 35

continental glacier

Answer 35

glacier that covers large areas of land and flattens out the land

Question 36

alpine glacier

Answer 36

glacier that forms in mountainous region

Question 37

horns

Answer 37

sharp pyramid shaped peaks that form when 3 or more cirque glaciers erode a mountain

Question 38

cirques

Answer 38

a bowl shaped depression where glacier ice cuts back into a mountain

Question 39

aretes

Answer 39

jagged ridges that form between 2 or more cirques cutting into the same mountain

Question 40

u-shaped valleys

Answer 40

forms when a glacier erodes a river valley form its original V-shaped into U-shape

Question 41

hanging valley

Answer 41

smaller glacier valleys that join with deeper main valleys. Many hanging valleys form waterfalls when the ice is melted

Question 42

glacial drift

Answer 42

rock material carried anddepositedd by glaciers

Question 43

till

Answer 43

deposited directly by a melting glacier

Question 44

moraines

Answer 44

most common till deposit

Question 45

stratified drift

Answer 45

a glacial deposit sorted in layers based on the size of rock

Question 46

kettle

Answer 46

fill with water to form lakes or ponds

Question 47

mass movement

Answer 47

movement of a section of land down a slope

Question 48

angle of repose

Answer 48

steepest angleat which loose matieral will not slide down slope

Question 49

landslide

Answer 49

sudden and rapid movement of a large amount of matieral down slope

Question 50

mudflow

Answer 50

rapid movement of large mass of mud

Question 51

lahar

Answer 51

volcanic eruptions

Question 52

creep

Answer 52

slow movement of material down slope (makes the trees look bent)