EarthSci

Question 1

Low-velocity zone of the mantle

Answer 1

Asthenosphere

Question 2

Increase in s wave velocity between crust and mantle

Answer 2

Mohorovicic discontinuity

Question 3

Inner core thickness

Answer 3

1,250 km

Question 4

Outer core thickness

Answer 4

2,200 km

Question 5

Mantle thickness

Answer 5

2,900 km

Question 6

Density of oceanic crust

Answer 6

3 g/cm³

Question 7

Density of continental crust

Answer 7

2.7 g/cm³

Question 8

Fastest seismic wave

Answer 8

P waves

Question 9

Foliated metamorphic rock originates from basalt

Answer 9

Serpentine

Question 10

Foliated metamorphic rock originates from shale

Answer 10

Slate

Question 11

Foliated metamorphic rock originates from conglomerate

Answer 11

Gneiss

Question 12

Non-foliated metamorphic rock originates from sandstone

Answer 12

Quartzite

Question 13

Non-foliated metamorphic rock originates from limestone

Answer 13

Marble

Question 14

Physical and chemical changes in sediments

Answer 14

Diagenesis

Question 15

Fragments of rock

Answer 15

Clasts

Question 16

Pebbles/gravel cemented by a matrix of mud/sand

Answer 16

Conglomerate

Question 17

Compaction and cementation of sediments

Answer 17

Lithification

Question 18

Mainly composed of quartz

Answer 18

Sandstone

Question 19

Made from dead organisms with calcium carbonate

Answer 19

Limestone

Question 20

American mineralogist that classified minerals based on chemical properties

Answer 20

James Dwight Dana

Question 20

Hydrocarbon-metal bond

Answer 20

Chelates

Question 21

Examples of Sulphates

Answer 21

Anhydrite, Gypsum, Barite, Celestine

Question 21

Examples of Silicates

Answer 21

Quartz, Feldspar, Pyroxene, Mica, Garnet, Olivine, Amphibole

Question 21

Examples of Halides

Answer 21

Fluorites, Halites, Sylvites

Question 22

Examples of carbonates

Answer 22

Aragonite, Calcite, Dolomite

Question 23

Examples of Oxides

Answer 23

Hematite, Cuprite, Corundum, Chromite, Rulite

Question 23

Example of Sulphides

Answer 23

Realgar, Cinnabar, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Argentite, Stibite, Galena

Question 23

Contains important metals

Answer 23

Sulphides

Question 24

Contains natural salts

Answer 24

Halides

Question 25

Forms from high evaporation rate/slow evap. rate of salt water

Answer 25

Sulphates

Question 26

Largest and most abundant group

Answer 26

Silicates

Question 27

Found in marine environments

Answer 27

Carbonates

Question 28

Rate of temp. change w/ respect to depth in Earth's interior

Answer 28

Geothermal gradient

Question 29

Partial melting of magma from higher geothermal gradient due to convection

Answer 29

Decompression melting

Question 30

Ways to generate magma

Answer 30

Decompression melting, Transfer of Heat, Flux melting

Question 31

Water/CO2 lowering melting temp. of rock, producing magma

Answer 31

Flux melting

Question 32

Low degree of partial melting produces

Answer 32

Siliceous magma

Question 33

High degree of partial melting produces

Answer 33

Less sileceous magma

Question 34

Rising and storage of magma which alters its chemical composition

Answer 34

Magmatic differentiation

Question 35

Factors that affect metamorphism

Answer 35

Temperature Pressure Fluid-phase Time

Question 36

Chemical reaction between a solid mineral and dissolved ions

Answer 36

Metasomatism

Question 37

States that any geological features or intrusions are the youngest in rock layers

Answer 37

Principle of cross-cutting relationships

Question 38

Gap or break in rock sequence/geologic record due to erosion

Answer 38

Unconformity

Question 39

Break in rock sequence that are tilted/folded

Answer 39

Angular unconformity

Question 40

States that sedimentary rock layers are deposited from oldest at the bottom to youngest at the top

Answer 40

Principle of superposition

Question 41

States that sediments accumulate in horizontal strata

Answer 41

Principle of original horizontality

Question 42

States that evolving organisms later disappear and recently appear

Answer 42

Principle of faunal succession

Question 43

States that rocks incorporating other rocks like gravel indicate the gravel are fragments of older rocks

Answer 43

Principle of inclusion

Question 44

States that the surrounding rock around intrusions are older than the intrusion

Answer 44

Principle of chilled/baked margins

Question 45

Widely-distributed organism remains that existed for only a specific amount of time

Answer 45

Index fossils