What is the minimum clearway width required?
500ft
A twinjet must maintain a minimum net gradient in the second segment of 2.0%. It will be banked by 15deg, and lose 0.5% in the second segment. What is the minimum GROSS GRADIENT required to ensure that the second segment net gradient is met?
2.5 + 0.8% = 3.3
Screen Height for a Class B
50ft - wet AND dry
Screen Height for Class A
Dry Runway - 35ft
Wet Runway - 15ft
Define VS0
Stalling speed in Landing Configuration
What is the cost index?
Costs incurred over time divided by fuel costs.
A number denoting the ratio of the costs of crew and maintenance to the cost of the fuel.
When carrying out the Increased V2 take-off procedure what is the effect on the screen height?
Remains constant.
If V2 is increased what happens to CLTOM and the climb angle?
Both increase
Effect of mass increase on ROD, Descent Gradient & Angle
ROD increases
Gradient constant
Descent Angle Constant
Why would you decrease the flap settings?
If you have a long runway + close obstacles
How do you calculate ASDR with OEI?
ASDR is the distance from break release point to V1 & the distance from V1 + 2 sec to a complete stop.
What determines Quick Turnaround?
Flaps
Palt
Temp
Wind
Slope
NO REVERSE THRUST, NO PMC
Runway is contaminated - effect on CLTOM & FLTOM?
CLTOM unchanged
FLTOM decreases.
Effect of using a dry V1, instead of a wet V1 on a WET RUNWAY
Accelerate stop distance will exceed the accelerate stop distance available
What happens to screen height, when increasing V2?
Screen height remains constant.
Define Specific Fuel Consumption
The mass of fuel used to produce thrust per unit of time.
Two aircraft have the exact same mass, but located at two different altitudes.
Higher aircraft has a reduced ROC
Factors affecting Drift Down flight path
Mass at start of drift down
Pressure Altitude
Temperature
What happens if excess thrust increases?
Aircraft accelerates
ROC increases
What is TODA
Takeoff Distance Available
TORA + Clearway (max is TORA 1.5)
Factors affecting level off altitude (ENG OUT Drift down)
Weight
Temperature
Max allowable wind fig.2,4 (2 marks questions)
LDA 2000 ft
PA 10000 FT
TEMP -2
4 kts tail
6 kts tail
24 kts headwind
** 19 kts headwind ( right answer)
How does an increase in mass affect Vx and Vy?
Vx and Vy are increased
You are planning to fly a turbojet to an airfield with a LDA of 2300 ft. It has a 2% downhill and it will be wet at the time of landing. What is the landing distance to comply with regulations.
(You need to factor for the wet runway because its landing divide by 1.15 then divide by 1,67 (no downslope factorisation check page 349)
Effects of an upslope on TODR and (stopping distance/ASD)
TODR is increased,
**stopping distance is decreased
** or ASD increases.
Fig. 3,2 TODA= 3000, ASDA=2600, TORA= 2000, What is the Field Length limited TOM?
Divide TODA 1.15 -> 3000->2600
Divide ASDA 1.3 > 2600 -> 2000
Divide TORA by 1 = 2000
Enter the graph with lowest figure
What is the regulated TOM?
The lowest of PLTOM and maxiumum structural TOM
Flying in tropics at FL350, thunderstorms en route. 1.4g buffet margin of M0.79 to M0.81. Decision?
Descent to FL330 where the buffet margin increases to M0.72 to M.084, navigate around cells
Why does crossover altitude exist?
To not exceed MMO
What is the specific range
TAS/Fuel Flow
On take-off from an un-balanced field you have an available range of V1’s.
If a higher V1 is selected from the range then:
The all engine take-off distance will be unaffected.
LCY Glideslope is 5.5 degrees. What is the descent gradient?
tan(5.5) x 100 = 9.6%
If landing mass is greater than maximum quick turnaround mass
Pilot must wait a certain amount of time before commencing another takeoff.
If the Pressure Altitude of an Airport is increased, what happens to the landing distance and ASDA?
Landing distance increases
ASDA stays the same.
ASDA - AVAILABLE, physical; unchangeable
Wet paved - takeoff
1.0
What is the effect of decreasing density on flight path angle, rate of climb, and climb angle?
All decrease
On the speed versus Thrust required curve, what is the point of contact with the tangent of the curve
1.32VMD because speed is proportional to thrust required at the minimum
When TOM is limited by VMBE, an increase in the uphill slope will
VMBE Limited TOM increases -> increase in allowable mass
What decreases maximum quick turnaround mass?
Increasing temperature, and Palt
What happens to ASDR on an uphill runway?
Increases
What speed limits V1?
VMBE
What is the climb requirement in the 3rd segment?
There is no climb requirement
V2 in relation to VMCA
V2min must not be less than 1.1 VMCA
Takeoff with “compacted snow” on runway
TODR stays the same, ASDR increases
Class B Takeoff Distance Factors
No stopway / clearway available - x12.5 should not exceed TORA
With Stopway and Clearway - 1.15 should not exceed TODA
Should not exceed TORA
Descending on constant Mach
IAS increases, TAS increases
Effect on ASDR if anti-skid is inop.
ASDR increases
A balance takeoff is where
OEI TODR = OEI ASDR
Define Specific Range
Distance per mass fuel -
SR = NM per KG
TODA is TORA +
Clearway if available
Which distance increases only with the addition of a stopway?
Acceleration Stop distance available
Effect of uphill runway on ASDR
Increases
In unaccelerated climb:
Thrust equals drag plus the downhill component of the gross weight in the flight path direction.