Eating Disorders Flashcards
Disordered Eating
- Self-imposed semi-starvation
- Feast famine cycles
- Binge eating
- Purging
- Consumption of non food substances
Eating disorders are…
Psychiatric Illnesses: Diagnostic criteria have been established
Eating Disorders
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Binge Eating
- Pica
- Eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS)
Anorexia Nervosa
Self starvation: No matter how they feel never feel thin enough Common characteristics: -Intense fear of gaining weight -Severe weight loss -Distorted body image -Depression -Amenorrhea -Low estrogen levels -Increase susceptibility to injuries/illness
Health Effects of anorexia Nervosa
- Dry skin
- Low or irregular heartbeat
- Low blood pressure
- Osteoporosis
- Infertility
- Women: irregular menstrual cycles
Diagnosing Anorexia Nervosa
- Restriction of intake of energy leading to a significant low body weight
- Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
- Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight/shape is experience, undue or denial of seriousness of low body weight
Anorexia Nervosa Treatment
- Early intervention
- Counseling,
- Restoration of nutritional health and body weight
- 1st step of treatment = Recognizing
- People often in denial and refuse treatment
- Potential causes of many eating disorders is low self esteem, desire to have controlover an aspect of one’s life
Three problems occur together in young female athletes with low caloric intakes: (Female Athlete Triad)
Eating disorders - lower estrogen levels
Menstrual cycle dysfunction
Decreased bone mineral density
Condition of disorder eating: Amenorrhea and Osteoporosis (Female Athlete Triad)
- Often begins when a female athlete engages in unhealthy eating patterns and excessive exercise to lose weight or attain lean body appearance to fit athletic appearance
- Loss of weight leads to amenorrhea which leads to low hormone levels leads to reduce calcium absorption and bone thinning
Bulimia Nervosa
- Cycle of dieting and episodes of rapid, uncontrolled eating of large amounts of food in a short time
- Binge eating is often followed by purging, using laxatives, diuretics or excessive exercising
Diagnosing Bulimia
-Recurrent episode of binge eating
-Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain (vomiting, laxative diuretics, enemas, fasting excessive exercise)
-Episodes occur on average at least 1x a week for 3 months
-Self-evaluation is overly influenced by body shape and weight
People with disorder are usually average weight
Have disturbed perception of body size and image
Treating Bulimia Nervosa
Break feast-and-famine cycles via nutrition and psychological counseling
- Regular eating reduces urge to binge
- Improve self esteem and body image
- May include antidepressant medication
- @ 1/3 relapse within 7 years
Binge Eating Disorder
-Periods of bing eating, not followed by purging or excess exercise
-1 binge or more on average a week for 3 months
-Affects males and females equally
Associated with:
-Stress, depression, anxiety appear to promote binge eating episodes
-9-30% of people in weight-control programs
Treating Binge-Eating Disorder
Nutrition and therapy sessions focus on disordered eating and psychological issues
- Record food intake, feelings, circumstances
- Identify triggers and behaviors to avoid them
- Counseling on normal eating, hunger cues, and meal planning
Pica
- Has been observed in many cultures for years
- Regular consumption of nonfood substance ex: clay (Groups most likely to engage in are young children and pregnant women)
Forms of Pica
Geophagia, Pagophagia, Amylophagia, Plumbism, and Lead poisoning
Geophagia (Forms of Pica)
(clay or dirt eating) -Craving for taste or smell -May relieve nausea -Associated with iron deficiency and sickle-cell anemia Problems: -Blockage of intestinal tract
Pagophagia (Forms of Pica)
(ice eating)
- Associated with iron deficiency
- Common during pregnancy
Amylophagia (Forms of Pica)
(laundry starch or cornstarch eating)
-Carbohydrate, sweet taste, provides calories
-Associated with pregnancy
Problems:
-May reduce intake of nutrient-dense foods
-May contain contaminants
Plumbism (Forms of Pica)
(lead eating)
- Primarily from paint flakes in old houses
- Major cause of lead poisoning in young children
Lead Poisoning (Forms of Pica)
-Causes mental development problems, death
EDNOS
Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified
Nighttime Eating Syndrome (EDNOS)
High food consumption during the night with sleep disturbance & psychological distress
Compulsive Overeating (EDNOS)
Uncontrolled eating large amounts of food
