Eating & Sleep Disorder Questions Flashcards
Prepare for Chapter 8 Quiz (141 cards)
1
Q
In bulimia nervosa, out-of-control eating episodes are followed by what?
A
Self-induced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives, or other attempts to purge the food
2
Q
Describe anorexia nervosa.
A
the person eats nothing beyond minimal amounts of food, so body weight sometimes drops dangerously
3
Q
What happens in binge-eating disorder
A
individuals may binge repeatedly and find it distressing but do not attempt to purge the food
4
Q
What is the chief characteristic of all eating disorders?
A
all-encompassing drive to be thin
5
Q
30% of anorexia-related deaths are _________
A
suicides
6
Q
Increases in eating disorders are __________ specific.
A
culturally
7
Q
Eating disorders are going ________.
A
global
8
Q
Is obesity an official DSM disorder?
A
no
9
Q
What is one of the most common psychological disorders on college campuses?
A
bulimia nervosa
10
Q
What is the hallmark of bulimia nervosa?
A
eating a larger amount of food than most people would eat under similar circumstances
11
Q
the eating must be considered _________ to qualify as binge eating.
A
out of control
12
Q
2 subtypes of bulimia nervosa
A
purging or nonpurging type
13
Q
6 medical consequences associated with Bulimia Nervosa
A
salivary gland enlargement; erode the dental enamel; tear the esophagus; upset the chemical balance of bodily fluids; intestinal problems; calluses on fingers
14
Q
What two types of disorders are common alongside Bulimia Nervosa?
A
anxiety & mood
15
Q
Does depression probably cause bulimia or come from it?
A
come from it
16
Q
Does substance abuse commonly go alongside bulimia?
A
yes
17
Q
Which of the following is Bulimia most strongly correlated with: anxiety, mood, substance
A
anxiety
18
Q
How do people with anorexia & bulimia feel about their eating patterns?
A
anorexia: proud
bulimia: ashamed
19
Q
2 subtypes of anorexia
A
restricting; binge-eating-purging
20
Q
Describe restricting type of anorexia.
A
individiuals diet to limit calorie intake
21
Q
describe binge-eating-purging type of anorexia
A
rely on purging; binge on relatively small amounts of food and purge consistently
22
Q
6 medical consequences of anorexia
A
amenorrhea (cessation of menstruation); dry skin; brittle hair or nails; sensitivity to cold temperatures; lanugo; cardiovascular problems
23
Q
4 types of disorders that co-occur with anorexia
A
anxiety; mood; OCD; substance abuse
24
Q
Do individuals with binge-eating disorder engage in extreme compensatory behavior?
A
no
25
How does the heritability pattern of binge-eating disorder compare to other eating disorders?
it is different
26
Gender balance of binge-eating disorder
more females
27
early or later age onset in binge-eating disorder?
later
28
What is more dangerous in binge-eating disorder: dieting before binging, or bingeing before dieting
bingeing first
29
binge-eating disorder: most common race
white
30
binge-eating disorder: most common economic classs
upper middle
31
What is the median age of onset for all eating-related disorders?
18-21 years
32
Once bulimia developes, it tends to be _________ if untreated.
Chronic
33
Eating disorders often develop in immigrants who have recently moved to ___________ countries.
Western
34
____________ adolescent girls have less body dissatisfaction, fewer weight concerns, and a more positive self-image and perceive themselves to be thinner than they are compared to _____________ adolescent girls.
African american; caucasian
35
Anorexia and bulimia are strongly or weakly related to development?
strongly
36
Both bulimia and anorexia can occur in later years, particularly after the age of __
55
37
Adolescent girls who dieted were _ times more likely to develop an eating disorder 1 year later than those who weren't dieting.
8
38
Why may attempts to lose weight lead to eating disorders?
weight reduction efforts in adolescent girls are more likely to result in weight gain than weight loss
39
What is reverse anorexia nervosa?
extremely concerned about looking small, even though they are muscular
40
Who is most likely to have reverse anorexia nervosa?
male weight lifters
41
How does an eating disorder, particularly anorexia, affect family functioning?
they deteriorate
42
Why do we believe eating disorders have a genetic component?
they run in families
43
Relatives of patients with eating disorders are _ to _ times more likely than the general population to develop eating disorders themselves.
4; 5
44
Why can strong sociocultural influences not be ruled out in regards to eating disorders?
no adoption studies have been reported
45
What are two personaltiy traits that may be inherited & lead to eating disorders?
emotional instability; poor impulse control
46
Drugs under study as treatments for bulimia target the ____________ system.
serotonin
47
Are neurobiological abnormalities in eating disorders the cause or result?
result
48
Eating disorder patients show diminished sense of _________________ and _______ in their own abilities and talents.
personal control; confidence
49
Eating disorder patients display more _________ attitudes.
perfectionistic
50
Perfectionism must be paired with what to develop into an eating disorder?
considering oneself overweight & have low self esteem
51
All eating disorders have much/little in common in terms of causal factors.
much
52
Is one factor sufficient to cause an eating disorder?
no
53
Individuals with eating disorders may have some of the same biological vulnerabilities as individuals with ________ disorders.
anxiety
54
______ or _________ disorders are also common in the families of individuals with eating disorders
anxiety; mood
55
Drug and psychological treatments with proven effectiveness for _______ disorders are also the treatements of choice for eating disorders.
anxiety
56
Have drug treatments been found to be effective with anorexia?
no
57
Have drug treatments been found to be effective with bulimia?
yes
58
What type of drugs are most effective for bulimia?
antidepressant
59
What is the treatment of choice for bulimia?
short-term CBT
60
Describe the CBT approach pioneered by Fairburn.
o First stage is teaching the patient the physical consequences of binge eating and purging and ineffectiveness of vomiting and laxative abuse for weight control
o The adverse effects of dieting are also described, and patients are scheduled to eat small, manageable amounts of food 5 or 6 times per day with no more than a 3 hour interval between any planned meals and snacks
o In later stages of treatment, cognitive therapy focuses on altering dysfunctional thoughts and attitudes about body shape, weight, and eating; coping strategies are also developed
61
what was the result of the experiment comparing CBT & IPT for bulimia?
CBT was significantly superior to IPT at the end of treatment, but after 1 year these differences disappeared
62
What is more effective for binge eating: IPT or CBT
same
63
Did prozac effect BED
no
64
can self-help be useful in BED
yes
65
What was more helpful for BED: behavioral weight loss or CBT (guided self-help)
guided self help CBT
66
What is the most important goal in anorexia nervosa?
restore patient's weight to low-normal range
67
2 reasons inpatient treatment may be recommended for anorexia nervosa patients
body weight is below 85% of average healthy body weight; weight has been lost rapidly and they continue to refuse food
68
Is initial weight gain a good predictor for long-term outcome in anorexia nervosa?
no
69
What should be the focus of treatment for restricting anorexics?
their marked anxiety over becoming obese and losing control of eating and to their undue emphasis on thinness as a determinant of self-worth, happiness, and success
70
What is better in anorexia: 1 year outpatient CBT or nutritional counseling after weight restoration
CBT
71
2 goals of anorexia treatment
o The negative and dysfunctional communication in the family regarding food and eating must be eliminated and meals must be made more structured and reinforcing; Attitudes toward body shape and image distortion are discussed at some length
72
What is the most powerful predictor of later eating disorders?
early concern about being overweight
73
Number of overweight youngsters ____________- in the past 25 years.
tripled
74
Obesity rate is _________ in developign nations
increasing
75
2 forms of maladaptive eating patterns
binge eating; night eating syndrome
76
_-__%of obese people have this
7-19%
77
What is night eating syndrome
o Consume a third or more of their daily intake after their evening meal and get out of bed at least once during the night to have a high-calorie snack
78
Do nonobese people evereengage in night eating?
yes
79
As we advance technologically, we are getting ___________.
fatter
80
Genetic factors may constitute a (smaller/larger) portino of the cause of obesity than cultural factors.
smaller
81
Genes are thought to account for about __% of the equation in causing obesity.
30
82
No matter the genetics, it takes a ________ to turn on these genes.
toxic environment
83
Who is obesity treatment more effective with: children or adults
children
84
What is bariatric surgery
approach for idnividuals with a BMIof at least 40
85
Approximately __% of individuals with bariatric surgery fail to lose significant weight or regain lost weight after surgery.
15
86
__% of americans report getting less than 6 hours of sleep per night.
20
87
How was sleep usedc in moral treatment?
encouraged patients to get adequate amounts of sleep aas part of therapy
88
the ______ system is involved with our dream sleep.
limbic
89
___ sleep seems related to depression
REM
90
___ imrpoved symptoms among a group of depressed men and normalized REM sleep patterns.
CBT
91
2 types of sleep disorders
dyssomnias & parasomnias
92
One alternative to the comprehensive assessment of sleep is to use a wristwatch-size device called an _______
actigraph
93
What is sleep efficiency
the percentage of time actually spent asleep, not just lying in bed trying to sleep
94
one way to determine whether a person has a problemw ith sleep is to observe their daytime sequelae, which is....
behavior while awake
95
After being awake for about 40 hours, a person bgins having ________ that last several seconds or longer.
microsleeps
96
Amost a _________ of the population reports some symptoms of insomnia during any given year.
third
97
__% of older adults report excessive daytime sleepiness, with older ____ men repoting the most problems
35; black
98
_____ report insomnia twice as much as ____.
women;men
99
• The percentage of individuals who complain of sleep problems (increases/decreases) as they become older adults.
increases
100
______ accompanies many medical and psychological disorders, including pain and physical discomfort, physical inactivity during the day, and respiratory problems.
insomnia
101
Insomnia is related to problems with the biological clock and its control of _______
temperature
102
As a group, people with insomnia seem to have ______ body temepratures than good sleepers, and their body temepratures seem to vary ____
higher; less
103
2 sleep disorders that may seem similar to insomnia
sleep apnea; periodic limb movement
104
Various _________ stresses can also interrupt your sleep
psychological
105
In insomnia, biological and psychological factors are ____________ related.
reciprically
106
People may be biologically _______ to disturbed sleep.
vulnerable
107
Taking _________ can perpetuate sleep problems.
sleep aids
108
What happens in primary hypersomnia?
sleeping too much
109
Diagnostic criteria for hypersomnia include not only the excessive sleepiness but also...
subjective impression of this problem
110
________ influences seem to be involved in a portion of cases.
genetic
111
Cataplexy
sudden loss of muscle tone
112
What is cataplexy associated with
narcolepsy
113
What is cataplexy usually preceded by
strong emotion
114
2 issues in narcolepsy
sleep paralysis & hypnogogic hallucinations
115
is someone with a breathing related sleep disorderaware of the problem
no
116
3 types of breathing related sleep disorders
obstructive sleep apnea; central sleep apnea; mixed sleep apnea
117
When does obstructive sleep apnea occur?
when airflow stops despite continued actiity by the respiratory system
118
What type of sleep apnea is most related to snoring
obstructive
119
What type of sleep apnea is most common with obesity
obstructive sleep apnea
120
obstructive sleep apnea is more common in men or women?
men
121
What happens in central sleep apnea
complete cessation of respiratory activity for brief periods
122
Do central sleep apnea patients have daytime sleepiness?
no
123
What is circadian rhythm sleep disorder
This disorder is characterized by disturbed sleep brought on by the brain’s inability to synchronize its sleep patterns with the current patterns of day and night
124
4 types of circadian rhythm sleep disorder
jet lag; shift work; delayed sleep phase; advanced sleep phase
125
Describe jet lag circadian rhythm sleep disorder
caused by rapidly crossing multiple time zones; rport difficulty going to sleep & feeling fatigued
126
Describe shift workcircadian rhythm sleep disorder
problems sleeping or experience excessive sleepiness duirng waking hours; research suggests that peole with circadian rhythm disorders are at greater rsk of having one or more personality disorders
127
Describe delayed sleep phase circadian rhythm sleep disorder
sleep is delayed or later than normal bedtime
128
Describe advanced sleep phase circadian rhythm sleep disorder
sleep is advanced or earlier than normal bedtime
129
Scientists believe the hormone _________ contributes to the setting of our biological clocks that tell us when to sleep.
melatonin
130
Most common drug treatment for sleep disorders
benzos
131
Drawbacks to drugs for sleep disorders
excessive sleepiness; dependency/abuse; short term only; sleepwalking
132
To help people with hypersomnia or narcolepsy, physicians usually prescribe ______
stimulants
133
Cataplexy can be treated with _________(drug)
antidepressant
134
One general principle for treating circadian rhythm disorders is that phase _______ are easier than phase _______
delays; advances
135
Research indicates that bright light (called _____________) may help people with circadian rhythm problems readjust their sleeping patterns.
phototherapy
136
______ treatments reduce the physical tension that seems to prevent some people from falling asleep at night.
relaxation
137
For adult sleep problems, ________ control may be recommended.
stimulus
138
What is the prefered treatment for children with sleep problems?
bedtime routines
139
2 types of parasomnias
during REM & during NREM
140
Do nightmares occur during NREM or REM
REM
141
Who has problems with sleepwalking more: children or adults
children
