EAZY Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is matter composed of?
Atoms
Atoms are the fundamental units of matter.
Define isotopes.
Variants of elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What does relative abundance refer to?
The percentage of each isotope of an element in a sample.
What does the hydrogen energy level diagram represent?
The energy levels of hydrogen electrons.
What is cis-trans isomerism?
Stereoisomers with groups on the same or opposite sides of a double bond or ring.
Define an enantiomer.
Non-superimposable mirror images.
What are diastereomers?
Stereoisomers that are not mirror images.
Why do some α-particles follow Path II in the gold foil experiment?
Because some α-particles are repelled by the force from the positively charged nucleus.
What conclusion can be made about the structure of the atom based on the gold foil experiment?
Atoms are mostly empty space.
Why do biofuels contribute less to climate change than fossil fuels?
The CO₂ they release during combustion is offset by the CO₂ absorbed during the growth of the plants they are made from.
What is the formula for atom economy?
(molar mass of desired product) / (total molar mass of all reactants) x 100.
What does an emission spectrum look like?
All have a black background, with lines of colours at various/specific wavelengths.
How do frequencies observed in emission spectra support the idea of discrete energy levels?
The emission spectra show only discrete lines, indicating that electrons can only transition between specific, fixed energy levels.
What does ionization energy of He+ in the emission spectrum correspond to?
Energy level for n=1 from n=1 to n=infinity, meaning that electron has been taken away.
What is resonance?
A representation of a molecule where the actual structure is a hybrid of multiple valid Lewis structures.
What is the formal charge formula?
Formal Charge = (Valence Electrons) - (Non-Bonding Electrons) - (Bonding Electrons ÷ 2).
What is the oxidation state of oxygen?
-2.
What is the oxidation state of hydrogen?
+1.
Why are complex ions coloured?
Because the d-orbitals of the transition metal ion split into different energy levels due to ligands.
Write the balanced equation for the complete combustion of C₁₇H₃₆.
C₁₇H₃₆ + 26 O₂ → 17 CO₂ + 18 H₂O.
Calculate the maximum energy produced when 2.00 g of C₁₇H₃₆ is combusted.
-94.5 kJ
The negative sign indicates energy is released.
What is the formula for heat transfer?
q = mcΔT.
What is the specific heat capacity of water?
4.18 J g⁻¹ K⁻¹.
Determine the maximum temperature change when 500.0 cm³ of water is heated by the combustion of 2.00 g of C₁₇H₃₆.
ΔT ≈ 45.2 K.
