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EC2 Flashcards

1
Q

EC2

A

Web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud

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2
Q

EC2 Pricing Models

A

Dedicated, On Demand, Reserved and Spot

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3
Q

Dedicated Hosts

A

Physical EC2 Server; server-bound software licenses

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4
Q

On Demand

A

Pay fixed rate by the hour w/no commitment

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5
Q

Spot

A

Bidding; flexible start and end times

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6
Q

Reserved

A

Capacity reservation; 1/3 yr contracts

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7
Q

Reserved Pricing Types

A

Standard, Convertible and Scheduled

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8
Q

Spot instance termination

A

if terminated by AWS, you will not be charged for a partial hour of usage; if you terminate the instance, you will be charged

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9
Q

Termination Protection

A

Turned off by default, you must turn it on

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10
Q

What happens to the EBS root volume when instance gets terminated?

A

Default: Root EBS volume is deleted

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11
Q

What happens to other non root volumes when instances gets terminated?

A

remains, it has to be deleted manually

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12
Q

Can the EBS Root Volume of your default AMI be encrypted?

A

No but there are ways to do it

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13
Q

Can additional volumes be encrypted?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Inbound traffic default behavior

A

blocked

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15
Q

Outbound traffic default

A

allowed

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16
Q

When do changes for security groups take effect

A

immediately

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17
Q

Security group relation to EC2 instances

A

M:M

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18
Q

Security Group is STATEFUL

A

If you create an inbound rule, an outbound rule is created automatically (HTTP in, HTTP out). You don’t have to create it explicitly as part of the Security group Outbound rule.

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19
Q

Network Access Control Lists (NACL) are STATELESS

A

If you create an inbound rule, you have to create the outbound rule explicitly; it will not be created automatically

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20
Q

Blocking IP Addresses in Security Groups

A

cannot be done; it has to be done via the NACL

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21
Q

Specifying rules in Security Groups

A

only allow rules, not deny rules

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22
Q

EBS

A

Elastic Block Store - provides persistent block storage volumes for use with Amazon EC2 instances in the Cloud

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23
Q

Types of EBS Storage

A

GP (SSD), PI (SSD), Througput Optimised HDD, Cold HDD and Magnetic

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24
Q

GP SSD (Desc, Use Case, API Name, Volume Size, Max IOPS/Volume)

A

General purpose SSD, most work loads,gp2, 1 GiB- 16 TiB, 16,000

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25
PI SSD (Desc, Use Case, API Name, Volume Size, Max IOPS/Volume)
High performance, Databases, io1, 4 GiB - 16 TiB, 64,000
26
Throughput Optimized HDD (Desc, Use Case, API Name, Volume Size, Max IOPS/Volume)
Low cost HDD for frequently accessed, throughput intensive workloads, Big Data& Data Warehouses, st1, 500GiB - 16 TiB, 500
27
Cold HDD (Desc, Use Case, API Name, Volume Size, Max IOPS/Volume)
Lowest cost HDD for less frequently accessed workloads, File Servers, sc1, 500 GiB - 16 TiB, 250
28
EBS Magnetic (Desc, Use Case, API Name, Volume Size, Max IOPS/Volume)
Prev gen HDD, Workloads where data is infrequently accessed, Standard, 1GiB - 1 TiB, 40-200
29
EC2 instance and EBS Volume AZ
They have to be in the same AZ to avoid lag
30
Volumes exist on
EBS (virtual hard disk)
31
Snapshots
exist on S3; photographs of the disk - point in time copies of Volumes
32
Snapshots are incremental
only the blocks that have changed since your last snapshots are moved to S3 (deltas)
33
Creating first snapshot
will take time to create
34
AMIs can be created from
Volumes and snapshots
35
Changing EBS volume sizes on the fly can be done for
can be done for size and storage
36
How to move an Ec2 volume from one AZ to another
1. Take a snapshot of it 2. Create an AMI from the snapshot 3. Use AMI to launch the Ec2 instance in the new AZ
37
How to move an Ec2 volume from one region to another
1. Take a snapshot of it 2. Create an AMI from the snapshot 3. Copy the AMI from one region to the other 4. Use the copied AMI to launch the new Ec2 instance in the new Region
38
Snapshots of encrypted volumes are
encrypted aumotatically
39
Volumes restored from encrypted snapshots are
encrypted aumotatically
40
When can you share snapshots
only if they are unecrypted
41
How can you share snapshots
other AWS accounts or made public
42
AMI can be selected based on
1. Region 2. OS 3. Architecture (32/64) 4. Launch Permissions 5. Storage for Root Device
43
2 types of storage for root device
1. EBS - launched from the AMI that is an amazon EBS volume created from an Amazon EBS snapshot 2. Instance Store - launched from the AMI that is an instance store volume created from a template stored in Amazon S3
44
Instance store volumes are sometimes called
Ephemeral Storage
45
Diff between instance store volume and EBS backed instance
1. Instance store volumes cannot be stopped, if the underlying host fails, you will lose your data. EBS can be stopped and you will not lose data when stopped. 2. By default, both root volumes will be deleted on termination but with EBS, you can tell AWS to keep the root device volume
46
Similarity between EBS and instance store
You can reboot both, you will not lose your data
47
Root device encryption by default
uencrypted
48
If a snapshot is encrypted, can you unencrypt it?
NO
49
Steps to encrypt the root device volume
1. Create a snapshot of the unencrypted root device volume. 2. Create a copy of the Snapshot and select the encrypt option. 3. Create an AMI from the encrypted snapshot 4. Use that AMI to launch new encrypted instances
50
Amazon Cloudwatch
is a monitoring service to monitor your AWS resources, as well as the applications that you run on AWS
51
CloudWatch can monitor
1. Compute - EC2 instances, Autoscaling Groups, Elastic Load Balancers, Route 53 Health Checks 2. Storage & Content Delivery - EBS Volumes, Storage Gateways, CloudFront
52
Host level metrics consists of
1. CPU 2. Network 3. Disk 4. Status Check
53
AWS CloudTrail
increases visibility into your user and resource activity by recording AWS Management Console Actions and API calls.
54
Difference between CloudWatch and CloudTrail
> Cloudwatch monitors performance (gym trainor) while cloudtrail monitors API calls in the AWS Platform (CCTV) > Cloudwatch = Performance; CloudTrail = Auditing
55
CloudWatch with EC2 will monitor events every
5 mins by default (detailed monitoring can be turned on - 1 min intervals)
56
Who is provisioning what resource in AWS such as S3 or EC2 -- CloudTrail or CloudWatch?
CloudTrail
57
Figuring out what the network throughput is or disk IO on your EC2 instance -- CloudTrail or CloudWatch
CloudWatch
58
What can you do with Cloudwatch?
1. Dashboards 2. Alarms 3. Events 4. Logs
59
CLI
AWS Command Line Interface
60
How can you use CLI to access your Ec2 instances
setup access in IAM
61
Roles versus access key
1. Roles are more secure 2. Roles are easier to manage 3. Roles can be assigned to an Ec2 instance after it is created using both the console & command line. 4. Roles are universal - you can use them in any region.
62
Bootstrap scripts
> run when an Ec2 instance first boots | > powerful way of automating software installs and updates
63
Instance meta data
curl http://169.254.169.254/meta-data/
64
Instance user data
curl http://169.254.169.254/user-data/
65
Amazon EFS
a file storage service for Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances
66
Can an EBS volume be shared by 2 EC2 instances?
No
67
Can EFS volume be shared by 2 EC2 instances?
Yes
68
EFS supports
NFSv4 protocol
69
EFS storage
pay for the storage you use (no pre-provisioning required)
70
EFS scale
petabytes
71
EFS can support # of concurrent NFS connections
thousands
72
Data in EFS is stored across multiple AZs within a region - true or false
true
73
EFS Consistency
Read after Write Consistency
74
2 types of placement group
1. Clustered | 2. Spread
75
Cluster placement group
grouping of instances within a single AZ
76
Cluster placement group are recommended for
applications that need low network latency, high network throughput or both
77
Spread placement group
group of instances that are each placed on distinct underlying hardware
78
Spread placement group are recommended for
applications that have a small number of critical instances that should be kept separate from each other
79
Diff between spread and clustered
Clustered can't span multiple AZs but spread can
80
Naming of placement group
must be unique within your AWS account
81
Types of instances that can be launched in a placement group
Compute Optimized, GPU, Memory Optimized, Storage Optimized
82
AWS recommends what to be placed in placement groups
homogenous instances
83
Can you merge placement groups
no
84
can you move an existing instance into a placement group
no
85
How to move an existing instance into a placement group
1. Create an AMI from your existing instance | 2. Launch a new instance from the AMI into a placement group

EC2 (1 decks)

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