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MyAWS Developer -- Associate > EC2 > Flashcards

EC2 Flashcards

1
Q

How to run systems in EC2?

A

RunInstances API call – start instance (up to 20 on-demand instances).
DescribeInstances – check status;
TerminateInstance – terminate;
StopInstance – release the compute resources but preserve the data on the boot partition.
StartInstances – restart instance with EBS boot partition.
use Spot instances to reduce your computing costs.

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2
Q

local instance store vs. EBS for root device

A

the local instance store only persists during the life of the instance. This is an inexpensive way to launch instances where data is not stored to the root device.
By using Amazon EBS, data on the root device will persist independently from the lifetime of the instance.
This enables you to stop and restart the instance at a subsequent time, which is similar to shutting down your laptop and restarting it when you need it again.

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3
Q

Does Amazon EC2 use ECC memory?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Instance Types

A

General Purpose, Compute Optimized, Memory Optimized, Storage Optimized and Accelerated Computing instances. GPU

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5
Q

General Purpose

A

have memory to CPU ratios suitable for most general purpose applications and come with fixed performance (M5, M4) or burstable performance (T2);

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6
Q

Compute Optimized Instances

A

Compute Optimized instances (C5, C4) have proportionally more CPU resources than memory (RAM) and are well suited for scale out compute-intensive applications and High Performance Computing (HPC) workloads;

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7
Q

Memory Optimized Instances

A

(X1e, X1, R4) offer larger memory sizes for memory-intensive applications, including database and memory caching applications;

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8
Q

Accelerating Computing instances

A

P3, P2, G3, F1) take advantage of the parallel processing capabilities of NVIDIA Tesla GPUs for high performance computing and machine/deep learning; GPU Graphics instances (G3) offer high-performance 3D graphics capabilities for applications using OpenGL and DirectX; F1 instances deliver Xilinx FPGA-based reconfigurable computing;

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9
Q

Storage Optimized Instances

A

H1, I3, D2) that provide very high, low latency, I/O capacity using SSD-based local instance storage for I/O-intensive applications, with D2 or H1, the dense-storage and HDD-storage instances, provide local high storage density and sequential I/O performance for data warehousing, Hadoop and other data-intensive applications

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10
Q

EC2 Compute Unit

A

The amount of CPU that is allocated to a particular instance is expressed in terms of these EC2 Compute Units. The EC2 Compute Unit (ECU) provides the relative measure of the integer processing power of an Amazon EC2 instance.

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11
Q

Elastic IP

A

By default, all accounts are limited to 5 Elastic IP addresses per region. charged even not associated to a running instance.

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12
Q

Nitro Hypervisor

A

provides CPU and memory isolation for EC2 instances.
VPC networking and EBS storage resources are implemented by dedicated hardware components, Nitro Cards that are part of all current generation EC2 instance families. The Nitro Hypervisor is built on core Linux Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) technology, but does not include general-purpose operating system components.

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13
Q

How does the Nitro Hypervisor benefit customers?

A

The Nitro Hypervisor provides consistent performance and increased compute and memory resources for EC2 virtualized instances by removing host system software components. It allows AWS to offer larger instance sizes (like c5.18xlarge) that provide practically all of the resources from the server to customers. Previously, C3 and C4 instances each eliminated software components by moving VPC and EBS functionality to hardware designed and built by AWS. This hardware enables the Nitro Hypervisor to be very small and uninvolved in data processing tasks for networking and storage.

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14
Q

How many EBS volumes and Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) can be attached to instances running on the Nitro Hypervisor?

A

Instances running on the Nitro Hypervisor support a maximum of 27 additional PCI devices for EBS volumes and VPC ENIs. Each EBS volume or VPC ENI uses a PCI device. For example, if you attach 3 additional network interfaces to an instance that uses the Nitro Hypervisor, you can attach up to 24 EBS volumes to that instance.

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15
Q

Instance purchase options

A

On-Demand instances; maximum 20 per region
reserved instances – cheaper than on-demand, guaranteed access for the availability zone in which you purchased it.
Spot instances – allow you to bid a maximum price; not as reliable, but usually helps save costs; maximum 20 per region and not available in all region.
Free tier;
dedicated host

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16
Q

Different instances sizes

A

Micro;
Small;
Medium;
Large

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17
Q

Pricing

A 
Compute time;
Data transfer;
Storage;
ElasticIP address
Monitoring
Elastic load balancer
free tier
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18
Q

IP Addresses

A

each instance is assigned a public IP address
each instance is assigned a public cname
each instance is assigned a private IP address
Elastic IP address: can create 5 per aws account by default; static IP address Useful for failovers.

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19
Q

Storage basics

A

S3;
EBS volume – Permanent sorage; replicated within te availability Zone; provides the ability to take snapshots; automatically mounted to the file system(/dev/sda1);
Instance store volumes – Ephemeral storage; physically attached to the host computer for the instance;

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20
Q

EBS Volumes

A

General Purpose SSD – Default for EC2; Backed by SSDs for fast performance;
Provisioned IOPS SSD – Provides consistent and fast performance, as well as low latency; multiple volumes can be striped together for faster performance;
Magnetic Volumes – Lowest cost per GB; Backed by magnetic drives which provides the lowest performance.

21
Q

User-data

A

trigger something at instance initialization; run a script or update packages; use the data to avoid building new AMIs at every update.

22
Q

Elastic Load Balancer

A

Distributes traffic between instances that belong to the ELB group;
automatically stops sending requests to unhealthy instances;
can store SSL certificates(allow us to offload encryption to our load balancer instead of busy webservers.

23
Q

Maintaining session state on ELB applications

A

Load Balancer generated cookie stickiness
application generated cookie stickiness
ElasticCache – evenly distributed (Redis, Memcached)

24
Q

EBS vs Instance-store

A

Instance-store backed images use “ephemeral” storage (temporary). The storage is only available during the life of an instance. Rebooting an instance will allow ephemeral data stay persistent. However, stopping and starting an instance will remove all ephemeral storage.
EBS-backed instances can be stopped and restarted.

25
Q

Which API call would best be used to describe an Amazon Machine Image?

A

DescribeImages

26
Q

How do I load and store my systems with Amazon EC2?

A

AMI is simply a packaged-up environment that includes all the necessary bits to set up and boot your instance.
Amazon EC2 uses Amazon EBS and Amazon S3 to provide reliable, scalable storage of your AMIs so that we can boot them when you ask us to do so

27
Q

When does billing of my Amazon EC2 systems begin and end?

A

Billing commences when Amazon EC2 initiates the boot sequence of an AMI instance. Billing ends when the instance terminates, which could occur through a web services command, by running “shutdown -h”, or through instance failure. When you stop an instance, we shut it down but don’t charge hourly usage for a stopped instance, or data transfer fees, but we do charge for the storage for any Amazon EBS volumes.

28
Q

CloudTrail

A

to log a history of all EC2 API calls.

29
Q

Can I configure the reverse DNS record for my Elastic IP address?

A

Yes, you can configure the reverse DNS record of your Elastic IP address by filling out this form. Note that a corresponding forward DNS record pointing to that Elastic IP address must exist before we can create the reverse DNS record.

30
Q

If I transfer data between Availability Zones using public IP addresses, will I be charged twice for Regional Data Transfer (once because it’s across zones, and a second time because I’m using public IP addresses)?

A

No. Regional Data Transfer rates apply if at least one of the following is true, but is only charged once for a given instance even if both are true:
The other instance is in a different Availability Zone, regardless of which type of address is used.
Public or Elastic IP addresses are used, regardless of which Availability Zone the other instance is in.

31
Q

Which volume type should I choose?

A

Amazon EBS includes two major categories of storage: SSD-backed storage for transactional workloads (performance depends primarily on IOPS) and HDD-backed storage for throughput workloads (performance depends primarily on throughput, measured in MB/s). SSD-backed volumes are designed for transactional, IOPS-intensive database workloads, boot volumes, and workloads that require high IOPS. SSD-backed volumes include Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1) and General Purpose SSD (gp2). HDD-backed volumes are designed for throughput-intensive and big-data workloads, large I/O sizes, and sequential I/O patterns. HDD-backed volumes include Throughput Optimized HDD (st1) and Cold HDD (sc1).

32
Q

Do you support multiple instances accessing a single volume?

A

No

33
Q

Will I be able to access my EBS snapshots using the regular Amazon S3 APIs?

A

No, EBS snapshots are only available through the Amazon EC2 APIs.

34
Q

Do volumes need to be un-mounted in order to take a snapshot? Does the snapshot need to complete before the volume can be used again?

A

No, snapshots can be done in real time while the volume is attached and in use. However, snapshots only capture data that has been written to your Amazon EBS volume, which might exclude any data that has been locally cached by your application or OS. In order to ensure consistent snapshots on volumes attached to an instance, we recommend cleanly detaching the volume, issuing the snapshot command, and then reattaching the volume. For Amazon EBS volumes that serve as root devices, we recommend shutting down the machine to take a clean snapshot.

35
Q

How do I access my file system from outside my VPC?

A

Amazon EC2 instances within your VPC can access your file system directly, and Amazon EC2 Classic instances outside your VPC can mount a file system via ClassicLink. On-premises servers can mount your file systems via an AWS Direct Connect connection to your VPC.

36
Q

What is the minimum time interval granularity for the data that Amazon CloudWatch receives and aggregates?

A

1 minute,

37
Q

When should I use the Classic Load Balancer and when should I use the Application Load Balancer?

A

The Classic Load Balancer is ideal for simple load balancing of traffic across multiple EC2 instances, while the Application Load Balancer is ideal for applications needing advanced routing capabilities, microservices, and container-based architectures.

38
Q

Spot Instance

A

Spot instances are spare EC2 capacity that can save you up 90% off of On-Demand prices that AWS can interrupt with a 2-minute notification.

39
Q

Reserved Instance

A

A Reserved Instance (RI) is an EC2 offering that provides you with a significant discount on EC2 usage when you commit to a one-year or three-year term.

40
Q

What are the differences between Standard RIs and Convertible RIs?

A

Standard RIs offer a significant discount on EC2 instance usage when you commit to a particular instance family. Convertible RIs offer you the option to change your instance configuration during the term, and still receive a discount on your EC2 usage.

41
Q

Can I submit a multi-region Spot Fleet request?

A

No, Yes to multi-availability Zone Spot Fleet request.

42
Q

Can I tag a Spot Fleet request?

A

You can request to launch Spot instances with tags via Spot Fleet. The Fleet by itself cannot be tagged.

43
Q

How much compute power do Micro instances provide?

A

Micro instances provide a small amount of consistent CPU resources and allow you to burst CPU capacity up to 2 ECUs when additional cycles are available. They are well suited for lower throughput applications and web sites that consume significant compute cycles periodically but very little CPU at other times for background processes, daemons, etc.

44
Q

EFS

A

Supports Network File System version 4(NFSv4) protocol
YOu only pay for the storage you use
Can scale up to the petabytes
can support thousands of concurrent NFS connections
data is stored across multiple AZ’s within a region
read after write consistency.

45
Q

Elastic COntainer Service

A

is a service that manages running Docker containers on a group of your EC2 instances

46
Q

In order to enable encryption at rest using EC2 and Elastic Block Store

A

you must configure encryption when creating the EBS volume.

47
Q

To accommodate the hosting of multiple sites, you can have multiple SSL certificates on an Elastic Load Balancer?

A

false

48
Q

Common EC2 types

A

D2, C4, M3 are all valid EC2 instance types. Z2 is not.

49
Q

Instance Types:

A

Family–Speciality–Use cases
D2–Dense Storage–Fileservers/ Data Warehousing/ Hadoop
R4–Memory Optimized–Memory Intensive Apps/ DBs
M4–Generel Purpose–Application Servers
C4–Compute Optimized–CPU Intensive Apss/ DBs
G2–Graphics Intensive–Video Encoding/ 3D Application Streaming
I2–High Speed Storage IOPS–NoSQL, DBs, Data Warehousing
F1–Field Programmable Gate Array–
Hardware acceleration for your code
T2–Lowest cost, General purpose–
Web Servers/ Small DBs
P2–Graphics–Machine learning, Bit Coins Mining
X1–Memory Optimized–SAP HANA/ Apache Spark

MyAWS Developer -- Associate (23 decks)

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