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Module 1 > ECG 1 > Flashcards

ECG 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Heart- two functions essential for function

A

Electricity (conduction)

Pump (contraction)

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2
Q

The spread of the electrical stimulus through the heart muscle

Movement of electricity

A

depolarization

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3
Q

The return of the stimulated muscle to the resting state

A

Repolarization

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4
Q

Cells are in a resting, ready state

A
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5
Q

Two major electrolytes involved in polarization

A

K+ 3.5-4.5

Na+ 135-145

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6
Q

If potassium levels drop, or get high, it effects ______

A

electrical impulses

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7
Q

Patients in dialysis experience cardiac issues due to this shift in electrolyte levels

A
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8
Q

All electrical impulses should start in the _____

A

SA node (pacemaker)

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9
Q

SA node inherent pace rate: ____

Impulse starts in SA node, moves down and both atrias should contract (pump)

Impulse moves to _____- holds impulse for just a second, before moving on.

Holds for a second to allow atria to finish contracting before the ventricles contract.

A

60-100

AV node

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10
Q

While ventricles depolarize, atria are ____

A

repolarizing

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11
Q

ECG- snapshot of what heart is doing

______ - shows what heart is doing in real time.

A

continuous ECG

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12
Q

Atria depolarization =

A

P wave

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13
Q

Does P wave tell about atrial contraction?

A

No - does not tell that pump is working.

It does tell that the electrical impulse is working.

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14
Q

Ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

Takes more energy, thus larger complex

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15
Q

Test to see if ventricles are contracting

A

take a pulse

While monitoring ECG, feel for pulse to coordinate- proves that contraction is happening

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16
Q

Ventricular repolarization

A

T wave

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17
Q

Electrode placement:

3 leads, and 5 leads

Electrodes can move around as long as they are in the general area

A

RA- right, midclavicular line, 2nd intercoastal space

LA- left, midclavicular line, 2nd intercoastal space

Over heart 8th intercoastal, midclavicular

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18
Q

picture of impluse- _____

A

lead

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19
Q

primary monitoring lead-

A 
lead 2
from RA (negative) to LL (positive)
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20
Q

sticker on chest to take picture

A

electrode

monitors electricity- does not generate electricity

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21
Q

looking at top of heart

lead:

A

RA to LA

lead 1

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22
Q

LA to LL

A

lead 3

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23
Q

RA- ___ polarity
LA- ____ polarity
LL- ____ polarity

A

RA - negative

LA- negative/positive

LL- positive

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24
Q

If electrodes are in the right place, the P wave should be ____

25
QRS complex can look like anything as long as it stays within certain parameters
26
waveforms
positive deflection- waveform goes up negative deflection- waveform goes down biphasic deflection- waveform goes up and down
27
as impulse moves horizontally, it tells about ___ vertically ____
time amplitude
28
one dark line to one dark line is
0.2 seconds
29
one small box is
0.04 sec
30
tag marks on paper indicate
3 sec.
31
You want at least ___ of time when looking at en ECG
6 sec.
32
Isoelectric line = ____ state
polarized everything should return here
33
short return to isoelectric line following the p wave indicates:
AV junction holding impulse
34
the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex is called the:
PR interval
35
PR interval measurement
.12 sec. - .20 sec.
36
QRS complex measurement
less than .12 sec
37
Regular heart rate, distance between P waves should be equal Distance between R and R should be equal
38
When do you stop measuring QRS complex?
When it stops moving vertically / when it changes from vertical to horizontal
39
period of time from when QRST complex ends and T wave begins
ST segment
40
depressed ST segment indicates: elevated ST segment:
old heart injury code STEMI ST elevation MI
41
Analyzing a rhythm strip step-by-step
1. Determine the regularity of R waves 2. Calculate the heart rate 3. Identify and examine P waves 4. Measure the PR Interval 5. Measure the QRS complex
42
Calculate the heart rate | 3 ways
Count pulse Rapid rate calculation Precise rate calculation
43
Rapid rate calculation
- Count the number of R waves in a 6 sec. strip - Multiply by 10 - Do not include premature beats in calculating the heart rate
44
Precise rate calculation
- Count the number of small squares between two consecutive R waves - Divide the number of small squares into 1500 or use a conversion chart - Only accurate for regular rhythms
45
Identify and Examine P waves
One P wave preceding each QRS All P waves identical in shape, size, and position P to P interval should be regular
46
Measure the PR Interval (PRI)
PR interval should be .12 - .20 seconds Abnormal if too short, too long, or absent
47
Measure the QRS complex
QRS should be less than .12 seconds
48
Examine the ST Segment Normal ST segment is: Elevation or depression measuring __________ is abnormal
flat and at the isoelectric line 1mm above or below
49
Examine the ST Segment Elevation = Depression =
acute myocardial injury myocardial ischemia, hypokalemia, digitalis
50
ASSESS the patient
Is there a PULSE with that Rhythm???!!! False high alarms False low alarms Artifact -Artefact is the name given to disturbances in rhythm monitoring caused by movement of the electrodes.
51
represents atrial depolarization, the spread of the electrical impulse throughout the right and left atria
P wave
52
represents the time from the onset of atrial depolarization to the onset of ventricular depolarization
PR interval
53
The _____, a part of the PR interval, is the short isoelectric line between the end of the P wave and the beginning of the QRS complex.
PR segment
54
The _____ represents ventricular depolarization, the spread of the electrical impulse throughout the left and right ventricle.
QRS complex
55
The ___ represents early ventricular repolarization
ST segment
56
The ____ represents ventricular repolarization
T wave
57
Which HR calculation method is only good for regular rhythms?
Precise rate calculation
58
Only ___ is used to calculate HR in irregular rhythms
rapid rate

Module 1 (11 decks)

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