ECG

Question 1

Where is V1 lead placed?

Answer 1

fourth intercostal space, to the right of sternum.

Question 2

Where is V2 lead placed?

Answer 2

fourth intercostal space, to the left of sternum.

Question 3

Where is V3 lead placed?

Answer 3

placed diagonally between V2 and V4.

Question 4

Where is V4 lead placed?

Answer 4

between rib 5 and 6 in the midclavicular line.

Question 5

Where is V5 lead placed?

Answer 5

placed on the same level as V4, but in the anterior maxillary line.

Question 6

Where is V6 lead placed?

Answer 6

placed on the same level as V4 and V5, but in the midaxillary line.

Question 7

On the cardiac axis what is normal?

Answer 7

-30 to 90 degrees

Question 8

If cardiac axis is lower than -30 what is this called

Answer 8

Left axis deviation

Question 9

If cardiac is higher than +90 what is this called

Answer 9

Right axis deviation

Question 10

What are reasons for cardiac deviation?

Answer 10

Hypertrophy 
Cardiomegaly
Coronory artery disease
Tumor 
Pregnancy

Question 11

If you are tall what heart deviation would you have?

Answer 11

Right heart deviation

Question 12

If you are short what heart deviation would you have?

Answer 12

Left heart deviation

Question 13

Causes of left heart deviation

Answer 13

Short/ Obese
Inferior MI
Left bundle branch block

Question 14

Causes of right heart deviation

Answer 14

Tall
PE
Right bundle branch block

Question 15

If there is a positive deflection of Lead 1 and positive deflection of aVF what cardiac axis is this?

Answer 15

Normal

Question 16

If there is a negative deflection of Lead 1 and positive deflection of aVF what cardiac axis is this?

Answer 16

Right axis deviation

Question 17

If there is a positive deflection of Lead 1 and negative deflection of aVF what cardiac axis is this?

Answer 17

Most likely left axis deviation

Question 18

If there is a positive deflection of Lead 1 and negative deflection of aVF and negative deflection of Lead 2 what cardiac axis is this?

Answer 18

Left axis deviation

Question 19

Draw the cardiac axis diagram

Answer 19

https://litfl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Haxaxial-ECG-AXIS-Reference-2021.png

Question 20

What does the P wave represent?

Answer 20

Atrial depolarisation

Question 21

What does the QRS complex represent?

Answer 21

Ventricular depolarisation

Question 22

What does the T wave represent?

Answer 22

Ventricular repolarisation

Question 23

What does PR interval mean?

Answer 23

Time it takes for electric signal to travel from your atria to ventricles

Question 24

What does QRS interval mean?

Answer 24

Time it takes for Ventricular depolarisation

Question 25

What does QT interval mean?

Answer 25

Time it takes for Ventricular depolarisation and Ventricular repolarisation

Question 26

What is QTc

Answer 26

Correct QT interval

Question 27

How is QTc calculated?

Answer 27

QT/ square root of R-R interval

Question 28

What are the normal values for PR interval

Answer 28

120-200 ms

Question 29

What are the normal values for QRS interval

Answer 29

80-120ms

Question 30

What are the normal values for QT interval

Answer 30

360-440ms

Question 31

What is the equation for heart rate from an ECG

Answer 31

300/ Number of large squares between R-R

Question 32

What is sinus arythmia

Answer 32

Normal irregular rhythm of the heart

Question 33

What happens to ECG during inspiration

Answer 33

R-R interval shortens

Question 34

What happens to ECG during expiration

Answer 34

R-R interval lengthens

Question 35

What is the mechanism for the change in ECG during inspiration

Answer 35

Inspire = vagal tone decreases Vagal tone keeps your heart rate at a low rate heart rate increases when you breathe in

Question 36

What is normal in an ECG for athletes?

Answer 36

LVH- left ventricular hypertrophy Sinus bradycardia 1st heart degree block Sometimes ST elevation

Question 37

What is normal in Caribbean and African populations ECG

Answer 37

Inverted T wave in V3 ST elevation LVH

Question 38

What is a sign of ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 38

Big QRS complex