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Cardiology > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

P

A

Electrical sign that stimulate contraction of atria (atrial systole)

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2
Q

QRS

A

Electrical sign that stimulate contraction of ventricles (ventricular systole)

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3
Q

T

A

Electrical sign that signify relaxation of ventricles

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4
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

Atrial depolarisation

P wave

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5
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

Isoelectric after P wave

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6
Q

Bundle of His

A

Rapid conduction

Insulated

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7
Q

Bundle branches

A

Septal depolarisation

Q

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8
Q

Purkinje fibres

A

Ventricular depolarisation
R

Late ventricular repolarisation
S

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9
Q

Fully depolarised ventricles

A

Isoelectric ECG

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10
Q

Repolarisation

A

Ventricular repolarisation

T

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11
Q

Electrode placement

A

Lead I - right arm (-) to left arm (+)
Lead II - right arm (-) to left leg (+)
Lead III - left arm (-) to left leg (+)

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12
Q

12 lead ECG

A 
Location
Polarity
Plane
\+ve electrode
-ve electrode
View
Artery
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13
Q

Sinus rhythm

A

Normal

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14
Q

Sinus bradycardia

A

Rate is slow

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15
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

Rate is fast

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16
Q

Sinus arrhythmia

A

Rate is irregular

R-R interval varies with breathing cycle

17
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

Oscillating baseline - atria contracting asynchronously
Rhythm can be irregular and rate slow
Turbulent flow pattern increase clotting risk
Atria not essential for cardiac cycle

18
Q

Atrial flutter

A

Sawtooth pattern in baseline (II, III, aVF)

Atrial to ventricular beats 2:1, 3:1 or higher

19
Q

First degree heart block

A

Prolonged PR segment/interval caused by slower AV conduction
Regular rhythm
Most benign heart block but progressive disease of aging

20
Q

Second degree heart block

A

Mobitz I
Gradual prolongation of PR until beat skipped
Most P waves followed by QRS but some not
Regularly irregular - caused by disease AV node
Also Wenckebach

Mobitz II
P wave regular but only some followed QRS
No P-R prolongation
Regularly irregular - successes to failures 2:1 or random
Can rapidly deteriorate into third degree heart block

21
Q

Third degree heart block

A

P waves and QRS regular, but no relation
P wave may be hidden in bigger vectors
Non-sinus rhythm - back up pacemaker in action

22
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

P waves hidden - dissociated atrial rhythm
Rate is regular and fast
High risk of deteriorating into fibrillation (cardiac arrest)
Shockable rhythm

23
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

Heart rate irregular and 250bpm and above
Heart unable to generate output
Shockable rhythm

24
Q

ST elevation

A

ST elevated >2mm above isoelectric

Caused by infarction (tissue death by hypoperfusion)

25
Q

ST depression

A

ST depressed by >2mm

Caused by myocardial ischemia (coronary insufficiency)

Cardiology (7 decks)

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