ECG Flashcards
What does p wave mean
atrial depolarisation
PR interval
Impulse is paused to allow time for ventricles to fill
normal= 0.12-0.20s
QRS complex
Normal time
Ventricular depolarisation
0.07- 0.1 s
T wave
ventricular repolarization
QT
ventricular depolarisation and repolarisation complete
normal
0.44 in men 0.46 in women
T wave inversion is normal in what leads
v1 and avr
How to calculate heart rate
300/ r-r (Number of big squares)
One big square= 0.20 one small square= 0.04
ECG Positioning
see google image
Normal cardiac axis
-30 to plus 90
all this means is the conduction of charge happens to the left
What is a positive spike and what is a negative spike
how do we work out axis deviation
look at leads 1 and avf are the QRS positive or negative
how do we work out axis deviation
look at leads 1 and avf are they positive or negative
Normal
Right Axis deviation
Left axis deviation
normal= positive in leads 1 and AVF
RAD= Positive in leads 1 and negative in AVF
LAD- negative in leads 1 and positive in AVF
RIght axis deviation causes
RV HYpertrophy
lateral MI
PE COPD
WOlf parkinson
Left axis deviation
LAD causes
left ventricular hypertrophy
inferior mi
LBB
wolf parkinson
irregularly irregular rhythm
AF
Ectopics
Regularly irregular
Ectopics and second degree heart block
P mitrale
P pulmonale
p mitrale= m shaped= left atrial enlargement
p pulmonale= big= right atrial enlargement
absent p waves
af
sawtooth p waves
atrial flutter
p waves dissociated from qrs
heart block
p waves dissociated from qrs
heart block
Long pr interval
SHortened pr interval
PR depression
long= heart block
short- accessory pathways
PR depression= pericarditis
