ECG

Question 1

Name the great Vessels.
(5)

Answer 1

• Aorta
• Pulmonary Arteries
• Pulmonary Veins
• Pulmonary Trunk
• Vena Cava (Superior and Inferior)

Question 2

Where does the “lub” sound come from?
S1 sound

Answer 2

Atrioventricular Valves

(Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves)

Question 3

Where is the S2 sound from and what does it sound like?

Answer 3

Semilunar Valves. - “dub”

(Pulmonary and Aortic valves)

Question 4

Baroreceptors are…

Answer 4

nerve tissues with specialized sensors

Question 5

What are the characteristics of Pacemaker Cells?

Answer 5

• automaticity
• excitability
• conductivity

Question 6

What do Pacemaker Cells do?

Answer 6

~ —Generate impulse—
~ Control the rate & rhythm

~ Do NOT have the ability to contract

Question 7

Myocardial Cells can…

Answer 7

~ —Cause actual contractions—
~ Found in myocardium
~ Contain contractile filaments

~ conduct electrical impulses

Question 8

Characteristics of a Myocardial Cell are…

Answer 8

• contractility
• excitability
• conductivity

Question 9

What is the onset of atrial depolarization to the beginning of ventricular depolarization called?

Answer 9

PR Interval

Question 10

Ventricular depolarization is which complex?

Answer 10

QRS Complex

Question 11

What segment is represented by a flat line ?
(isoelectric line)

Answer 11

ST Segment

Question 12

Ventricular repolarization is shown on an ECG as what wave?

Answer 12

T Wave

Question 13

What is a product from an outside source on an ECG, such as movement called?

Answer 13

Artifact

Question 14

Cardiac Cycle consists of 2 cycles. Name them and how long do they last?

Answer 14

Dystole - about 0.52 seconds

Systole - about 0.28 secondsEjection Fraction Measures what?

Question 15

Ejection Fraction Measures what?

Answer 15

The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle during the cardiac cycle.

Question 16

What is the amount of blood pumped out of one of the ventricles during the cardiac cycle called?

Answer 16

Stroke Volume

(refers to PER CYCLE)

Question 17

What is the amount of blood ejected out of the left ventricle in 1 minute referred to as?

Answer 17

Cardiac Output

(PER MINUTE)

Question 18

What is the formula for Cardiac Output?

Answer 18

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume = Cardiac Output

Question 19

Which side of the heart has deoxygenated blood?

Answer 19

Right side

goes to the lungs

Question 20

Oxygenated blood sent to the rest of the body is from what side of the heart?

Answer 20

Left side

Question 21

What is the function of the heart valves?

Answer 21

Prevent backflow of blood

Question 22

Which electrolytes crucially affect cardiac function?

Answer 22

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium

Question 23

The ability of a cell to generate its own electrical impulse is…

Answer 23

Automaticity

Question 24

What leads are you looking at for Bundle Branch Blocks?

Answer 24

V1 and V6

• Deep, Wide S Wave
• Everything looks Wide
• 2 R Waves

Question 25

What is unique about the appearance of a Right Bundle Block?

Answer 25

They appear like Bunny Ears

Question 26

If there is no P Wave with bizarre wide complexes, where do you think it's firing from?

Answer 26

Ventricles

Question 27

What is the difference between Unifocal and Multifocal?

Answer 27

Unifocal – arising from a single ectopic focus; each PAC is identical. Multifocal – arising from two or more ectopic foci; multiple P-wave morphologies.

Question 28

If the ST elevations appear tombstone like, what does that mean?

Answer 28

Heart attack - infarction Patient will be symptomatic

Question 29

Which body system controls the heart rate and blood pressure?

Answer 29

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 30

What is the intrinsic firing rate the SA Node fires at?

Answer 30

60-100 bpm

Question 31

The AV Node fires at what rate?

Answer 31

40-60 bpm

Question 31

The purkinje fibers fire at what rate?

Answer 31

20-40 bpm

Question 31

PR Interval is normally how long?

Answer 31

3-5 small boxes (0.12-0.20 sec)

Question 32

The QRS complex at it's normal range is how long?

Answer 32

2-3 small boxes (0.08-0.12 sec)

Question 33

What rhythm is most likely to have 3 different P Waves; upright, inverted or absent

Answer 33

Wandering Atrial Pacemaker (WAP)

Question 34

What does Atrial Flutter look like?

Answer 34

Flutter wave looks like a sawtooth pattern

Question 35

Which is the only rhythm that is Irregularly Irregular? No P Waves, QRS Complexes look similar

Answer 35

Atrial Fibrillation

Question 36

The course of blood flow through the heart and lungs is referred to as ________circulation

Answer 36

Pulmonary

Question 37

One cardiac cycle occurs how often?

Answer 37

0.8 seconds

Question 38

What are the 5 steps to ECG?

Answer 38

1. Heart Rate 2. Heart Rhythm 3. P Wave 4. PR Interval 5. QRS Complex