Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ECG > ecg > Flashcards

ecg Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

what plane is the precordial aka chest leads in

A

transverse plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

what plane is the six limb lead in

A

frontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lead 1 and avL

A

high lateral wall LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

II and III and AVF

A

inferior wall of LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

AVR

A

looks toward RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

V1 and V2

A

anterior and septal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

V3 and V4

A

anterior view of LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

V4-V6

A

lateral view of LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how long is a regular p wave

A

.06-.12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how long is the PRI

A

3-5 boxes aka .12-.20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how long is the QRS

A

1-2.5 boxes

.04-.10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

order of the av node

A 
atrial depolarization
atrial systole
ventricular depolarization & atrial repolarization
ventricular diastole
ventricular repolarization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does sinus bradycardia look like

A

everything normal except HR less than 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes of bradycardia (4)

A

training
beta blockers
decreased automaticity of SA node
Vagal response (suctioning, ICH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of bradycardia

A 
pacemaker
atropine
syncope
dizzy
angina 
diaphoresis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is sinus tachycardia

A

everything normal except HR is more than 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes of sinus tachycardia

A 
increased sympathetic NS
pain
exercise
emotion
caffeine
cigarettes
amphetamines
fever
infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is sinus dysrhythmia

A

P- normal
QRS- normal
RR- VARIES MORE THAN ONE SMALL BOX
rate: 40-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Causes of sinus dysrhythmia

A

infection
digoxin toxicity
fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sinus dysrthymia affect on HR and inspiration/expiration

A

HR increases with inspiration

HR decreases with expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Wandering atrial pacemaker

impulses arise from areas other than SA node

A

P- vary in appearance
RR intervals vary
HR <100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PT implications for wandering atrial pacemaker

A

ischemia
injury to SA node (right coronary artery)
can progress to A fib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Premature atrial complex

ectopic focus initiates impulse

A

P wave of early beat has a different appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PT implications of premature atrial complex

A 
emotional distress
caffeine
nicotine
alcohol
MI
can progress to a-fib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
A flutter repeated atrial depolarization from one foci repeated firing
P waves: sawtooth pattern more than one P wave before QRS RR interval vary HR- 250-350
25
what does the AV node do in A flutter
AV node blocks some impulses from being conducted to ventricles
26
What causes A flutter
beta blockers | cardioversion
27
PT implications for A flutter
``` mitral valve disease CAD MI stress hypoxemia pericarditis ```
28
A fib quivering of atria due to MULTIPLE ectopic foci
P waves absent (wavy baseline) | RR irregular
29
causes of A fib
``` old age CHF MI digoxin toxicity drug use (heroine) stress ```
30
controlled A fib
HR <100 | little impact on CO
31
Uncontrolled a fib
HR >100 | impact on CO
32
Symptoms of A fib
dizzy/light headed diaphoresis palpitations
33
A fib characteristics
turbulent blood flow: likes to clot: high risk of stroke anti-arrthymic meds cardioversion
34
Junctional Rhythm Av junction becomes primary pacemaker aka ESCAPE rhythm
NO P wave | rate: 40-60 (intrinsic rate of AV node)
35
Causes/ symptoms of Junctional Rhythm
``` SA pathology increased vagal tone digoxin toxicity MI drop in CO ``` atropine pacemaker
36
1st degree heart block impulse begins in SA node impulse delayed on the way to AV node or AV conduction time is prolonged
PRI is PROLONGED HR may be slow
37
causes of 1st degree heart block
CAD infarction beta blockers
38
2nd degree AV block type 1 -wekenbach or mobitz 1 progressive prolongation of PRI until 1 impulse doesnt get through
p wave before every QRS until P STANDS ALONE (conduction blocked) RR irregular RARELY PROGRESSES TO OTHER BLOCKS
39
2nd degree type 1 block seen with
RCA disease/infarction | beta blockers
40
2nd degree type 2 block blocked conduction of one impulse to ventricles
RR interval varies no change in PRI more than one P stands alone
41
2nd degree type 2 block characteristics
MI (LAD) infarction of AV node (RCA) digoxin toxicity drop in CO pacemaker atropine can progress to complete heart block
42
3rd degree AV block -complete heart block no impulses from above the ventricle are conducted through AV node NO communication between atria & ventricles
P waves have NO relation to QRS QRS is WIDE HR- 30-50
43
characteristics of complete heart block
MI dioxin toxicity drop in CO (dizzy, SOB, chest pain, diaphoresis) permanent pacemaker atropine MEDICAL emergency
44
Premature ventricular complex ectopic focus from a ventricle ventricular depolarization occurs before SA node fires
QRS is WIDE no P wave followed by compensatory pause
45
bigeminey
every other beat is a PVC
46
trigeminy
every 3rd beat is a PVC
47
couplet
2 PVCs paired together
48
triplet
3 PVCs in a row
49
unifocal
if PVCs appear the same
50
multifocal
if PVCs appear different
51
Causes of PVC
``` caffeine nicotine stress overexertion hypo/hyperkalemia ischemia cardiomyopathy cardiac irritation ```
52
characteristics of PVC
increased frequency of PVCs leads to 1. decreased filling time 2. decreased preload 3. decreased SV drop in CO may progress to V tach or V fib
53
PVC is more dangerous when
``` couplets multifocal more than 6 a minute triplets anti-arrthymia ```
54
Ventricular tachycardia V-tach
3 or more PVCs in a row absent P wave wide QRS V rate: 100-250
55
V tach characteristics
``` ischemia/infarction CAD HTN Digoxin electrolyte imbalance ``` CO GREATLY AFFECTED light head, syncope, chest pain weak pulse disorientation cardioverion, defib, pharm therapy
56
torsades de pointes
twists around isoelectric line occurs during v tach significant drop in CO
57
ventricular fibrillation quivering of ventricles multiple ectopic foci = no synchronous contraction
NO CO zig zag progression of v tach
58
V fib comes from:
infarction ischemia MI digoxin toxicity
59
V fib needs:
defibrillation oxygen CPR cardiac meds
60
MI
altered electrical conduction during angina t wave inversion t wave flat or peak ST segment: elevate or depressed at least 1 mm
61
MI zone of ischemia
T wave inversion of flattening
62
MI zone of infarction
Q wave: transmural MI Non Q wave: sub endocardial bundle branch blocks
63
MI: transmural Q wave
all 3 layers affected more than .04 sec in duration at least one quarter the height of R wave
64
MI: subendocardial non Q wave
inner half of myocardium more likely to re-infarct
65
location of ischemia/infarction V1, V2, V3, V4
anterior left ventricle
66
location of ischemia/infarction V1, V2
septal infarction
67
location of ischemia/infarction II, III, AVF
inferior infarction, RCA
68
location of ischemia/infarction I, avL
lateral infarction | circumflex artery
69
A fib goals of therapy
Control ventricular rate: block AV node Convert a fib or flutter to NSR
70
How do you control rate of a fib
Beta blockers CCBAs Digoxin
71
How to convert a fib to NSR
Amiodarone
72
Ventricular arrhythmia Goals of chronic therapy
Treat underlying condition Prevent v fib Reduce PVCs
73
Ventricular arrhythmia Common meds
``` Beta blockers Amiodarone Flecanide Quinidine Procainamaide ```
74
Pacemaker
Estim of myocardium to depolarize Appears as vertical line on ecg

ECG (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions