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Supporting Life > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Anterior wall leads:

A

V3 and V4

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2
Q

Septum leads:

A

V1 and V2

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3
Q

Lateral wall lead:

A

V5, V6, I and aVL

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4
Q

Blockage in proximal LAD:

A

ST elevation in leads V1 to V6 with possible I and aVL
(anterior and lateral aspects as well as the septum are supplied by LAD)
This is referred to as an ‘extensive anterior MI’

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5
Q

Purpose of limb leads?

A

Observe the heart from top to bottom to see if there is a problem inferiorly

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6
Q

Purpose of the chest leads?

A

Examine the heart from right to left on a horizontal plane

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7
Q

Changes in leads II, III and aVF =

A

Inferior surface of the heart

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8
Q

Inferior surface of the heart =

A

Changes in leads II, III and aVF

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9
Q

Changes in leads V1-V4 =

A

Anterior surface

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10
Q

Anterior surface =

A

Changes in leads V1-V4

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11
Q

Changes in leads I, aVL, V5 and V6 =

A

Lateral surface

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12
Q

Lateral surface =

A

Changes in leads I, aVL, V5 and V6

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13
Q

Changes in leads V1 and aVR =

A

Right atrium and the cavity of the left ventricle

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14
Q

Right atrium and the cavity of the left ventricle =

A

Changes in leads V1 and aVR

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15
Q

What do you set the gain to?

A

10mm/mV

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16
Q

What do you set the speed to?

A

25mm/sec

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17
Q

Broad p wave indicates what?

A

Left atrium is very large

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18
Q

Tall peaky p wave indicates what?

A

Right atrium is bigger (right sided disease e.g. pulmonary hypertension)

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19
Q

Where are the p waves +ve?

A

Leads I and II (upright in sinus rhythm)

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20
Q

Where are the p waves best seen?

A

Leads II and V1

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21
Q

In lead V1 the p wave is…

A

Commonly biphasic

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22
Q

Amplitude and duration of p wave?

Study These Flashcards
A

<2.5 small squares in amplitude

<3 small squares in duration

23
Q

PR interval =

Study These Flashcards
A

0.12-0.2 seconds
3-5 little squares
Time from the start of the p wave to the start of the QRS

24
Q

Short PR interval can indicate what?

Study These Flashcards
A

Structure that allows delay from the AVN to be skipped e.g. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

25
Long PR can be physiologically caused by what?
Vagal stimulation
26
Broad QRS indicates what?
Slow conduction
27
Large QRS indicates what?
Large heart muscle
28
V1 is in the RV whereas V6 is in the LV, what does this mean for QRS deflection?
QRS should show up as -ve on V1 and +ve on V6 due to the disparity in magnitude of conduction between the two ventricles
29
How does ischaemia and infarction affect the ST segment?
``` Ischaemia = depressed ST Infarction = elevated ST ```
30
T wave characteristics:
Usually upright Usually goes in the direction of the QRS Normally inverted in aVR and V1 Occasionally inverted in III
31
What is the QT interval?
The time from the start of the QRS to the end of the t wave | Encompasses depolarisation and repolarisation
32
How long is the QT interval?
Men <430ms | Women <450ms
33
QT too long can lead to?
Torsades de pointes
34
What is the U wave?
Repolarisation of the His-purkinje system and mid-myocardium
35
Where is the U wave seen?
V2-4 | Prominent in young people
36
What electrolyte imbalances can cause U waves?
Hypokalaemia | Hypocalcaemia
37
What are the three main epicardial vessels?
LAD down the anterior surface Circumflex that extends laterally Right coronary that feeds the right side and the bottom
38
What occurs before chest pain?
ECG changes
39
What can cause ischaemia?
Stenosis of around 75% in the coronaries Aortic stenosis Arrhythmia Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
40
What is infarction?
Muscle dying due to vessel blockage causing ST elevation
41
Why does ST elevate?
Different depolarisation happening in dying cells
42
Anterior wall infarction (muscle dies) =
Decreased R wave as less depolarisation in that area Increased amplitude of the Q wave as the area of muscle on the opposite side shines through T wave inversion (can normalise months later)
43
Posterior wall infarction =
Larger R wave and ST depression
44
Anterior infarction (LAD) =
V1-4
45
Massive anterior infarction =
V1-6
46
Antero-septal infarction =
V1-2
47
Anterolateral infarction (circumflex) =
V5-6
48
Superior lateral infarction (circumflex) =
I, aVL
49
Inferior infarction =
II, III, aVF
50
Posterior infarction =
V1-3
51
Horizontal/down-sloping ST depression =
Ischaemia
52
Up-sloping ST depression =
Normal
53
Left-sided leads:
I aVL V4-6
54
Right-sided leads:
III aVR V1-3

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