ECG Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

What does the P wave represent?

A

Atrial depolarisation

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2
Q

When does the PR interval start?

A

Begins at start of P wave and ends at beginning of Q wave

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3
Q

What does the PR interval show?

A

Represents time taken for electrical activity to move between atria and ventricles

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4
Q

What does the QRS complex represent?

A

Depolarisation of ventricles

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5
Q

When does the ST segment start?

A

Starts at end of S wave and ends at beginning of T wave

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6
Q

What is the ST segment?

A

An isoelectric line that represents the time between depolarisation and depolarisation of the ventricles (i.e. ventricular contraction)

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7
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

Ventricular repolarisation

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8
Q

Where does the RR interval begin and end?

A

begins at peak of one R wave and ends at the peak of the next R wave

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9
Q

What does the RR interval represent?

A

time between two qrs complexes

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10
Q

Where does the QT interval begin and end?

A

Begins at start of the QRS complex and finishes t the end of the T wave

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11
Q

What does the QT interval represent?

A

Time taken for ventricles to depolarise and then depolarise

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12
Q

What is a 12 lead ECG?

A

records 12 leads (imaginary line) producing 12 separate graphs on piece of ECG paper

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13
Q

How many physical electrodes are attached to the patient to generate 12 leads?

A

10

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14
Q

Where is V1?

A

4th intercostal space - right sternal angle

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15
Q

Where is V2?

A

4th intercostal space - left sternal angle

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16
Q

Where is V3?

A

midway between V2 and V4

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17
Q

Where is V4?

A

5th intercostal space - midclavicular line

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18
Q

Where is V5?

A

left anterior axillary line - small horizontal level as V4

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19
Q

Where is V6?

A

left mid-axillary line - same horizontal level as V4 and V5

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20
Q

Where are the limb electrodes placed?

A

LA - left arm
RA- right arm
LL- left leg
RL- right leg neutral not used in measurements

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21
Q

What is the chest lead V1?

A

septal view of heart

22
Q

What is the chest lead V2?

A

septal view of heart

23
Q

What is the chest lead V3?

A

anterior view of heart

24
Q

What is the chest lead V4?

A

anterior view of heart

25
What is the chest lead V5?
lateral view of heat
26
What is the chest lead V6?
lateral view of heart
27
What is lead I?
Lateral view (RA-LA)
28
What is lead II?
Inferior view (RA-LL)
29
What is lead III?
Inferior view (RA-LL)
30
What is lead aVR?
Lateral view (LA+LL-RA)
31
What is lead aVL?
lateral view (RA+LL - LA)
32
What is lead aVF?
(RA+LA -LL)
33
When do you get positive deflection?
travels towards hear
34
When do you get negative direction?
travels away from heart
35
What does the higher deflection show?
greater amount of electrical activity flowing towards lead
36
What does it mean if R wave is greater than S wave?
depolarisation moving towards that lead
37
What does it mean if S wave is greater than R wave?
depolarisation moving away from that lead
38
What does it mean if R and S waves are of equal size?
depolarisation is travelling exactly 90 degrees tot hat lead
39
Which leads show inferior view of heart?
II, III, aVF
40
Which leads show lateral view of the heart?
I, aVL, V5, V6
41
Which leads show anterior view of heart?
V3, V4
42
Which leads show septal view of heart?
V1, V2
43
Where would the axis lie in healthy individuals?
between -30 and +90 degrees
44
Where is the overall direction of electrical activity towards?
Lead I II and III (positive deflection in these lead with most in lead II)
45
Where would the most negative deflection be?
aVR
46
What is right axis deviation?
direction of depolarisation distorted to right (between +90 and +180degrees)
47
What is the most common cause of RAD?
-Right ventricular hypertrophy e.g. in pulmonary hypertension and can be normal finding in very tall individuals
48
What does RAD mean for deflections?
In lead I become negative and in lead aVF / III to become more positive
49
What is left axis depolarisation?
Direction of depolarisation distorted to the left (between -30 and -90 degrees)
50
What deflection for LAD result in?
defection of lead III becoming negative (only significant in deflection of lead II becomes negative)
51
What is LAD usually caused by?
conduction abnormalities