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ECG 7150/7220 > ECG midterm up to chap 10 > Flashcards

ECG midterm up to chap 10 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

where are the semilunar valves

A

btwn pulm artery and right vent

btwn aorta and left vent

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2
Q

AV valves names and locations

A

tricuspid: btwn right atrium and right vent

mitral/bicuspid: btwn left artia and vent

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3
Q

what is the RCA and what does it feed?

A

Right coronary artery.

Feeds SA node 55%, AV node and right ventricle

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4
Q

LCA?

A

left coronary artery

Feeds septum, bundle branches, anterior heart wall

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5
Q

Circumflex

A

left side off of LCA

feeds: SA node (45%), lateral wall of heart

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6
Q

what else is LCA called?

A

left main

widow maker

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7
Q

LAD

A

Left anterior decending branch off of the LCA. block here called widow maker

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8
Q

S1 =

A

LUB
closure of AV valves

Tricuspid/Mitral

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9
Q

S2 =

A

DUB

closure semilunar valves

Pulmonic and Aortic

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10
Q

What if you ECG is too slow? 2

interventions:

A
  1. Slow vent rate
  2. decreased CO

Inter: atropine/ pacemaker

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11
Q

what if your ECG too fast? 3

Interventions:

A
  1. decreased vent fill time
  2. increased O2 demands
  3. decreased coronary perfusion time
    inter: vagal maneuver, electrical, BB, amiodarone, adenosine
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12
Q

If ECG shows no P waves? 1

Interventions:

A

loss atrial kick = decreased preload and CO
(if preload decreased, HR increases compensatory)

inter: chemical or electrical conversion depending on rhythm

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13
Q

If ST changes? 4

Interventions: 3

A

potential ischemia (ST depression), injury (ST elevation), decreased contractility, and decreased CO

inter: MONA (morphine, O2, nitro, ASA), thromobytic, cath lab

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14
Q

what do you always do if you have ECG changes? 4

A

Assess PT, IV, O2, call MD

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15
Q

What is Electromechanical coupling?

A

2 types of cardiac cells pacemaker (electrical) and mechanical (working cell, muscle contraction)

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16
Q

Electrical Cells

A
  1. pacemaker cells

2. Generates Electrical Impulses

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17
Q

Mechanical Cells

A

muscle for SV

  1. working cell of the heart
  2. produces CArdiac Muscle Contractions
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18
Q

5 properties of electrical cells : AERCR

A
  1. Automaticity
  2. Excitability
  3. Rhythmicity
  4. Conductivity
  5. Refractoriness
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19
Q

Automaticity

A

ability to generate electrical impulse spontaneously without external stimulus

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20
Q

Excitability

A

ability of cell to depolarize in response to an electrical stimulus

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21
Q

rhythmicity

A

ability of pacemaker cells to fire at regular intervals

SA node

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22
Q

conductivity

A

spread of electrical activity from one cardiac cell to another

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23
Q

refractoriness

A

period of time where the cell cannot respond to any stimulus

when cell is busy

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24
Q

what is an action potential

A

change in electrical energy across the cellular membrane

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25
AP occurs in phases
depolarization, repolarization, restoration
26
resting membrane potential:
-90mV | created by distribution of K, Na and Ca
27
threshold potential:
-70mV | triggers AP
28
Antiarrythmic drugs :
work on diff phases of the AP
29
refractory
unresponsiveness to stimulus
30
absolute refractory period
cardiac cell cannot respond to another stimulus regardless of strength
31
relative refractory period
cells can respond to a stronger than normal stimulus
32
vulnerable period
part of relative refractory period where a strong stimulus can cause lethal arrhythmias
33
step-by-step conduction system
SA node, intraatrial and internoal pathways to AV node, bundle of His, left bundle branch to right bundle branch, then purkinje fibers
34
SA node fires?
60-100 BPM
35
AV junction fires?
40-60 BPM
36
Purkinje fibers fire?
20-40 BPM
37
what records the electrical activity between two electrodes?
leads
38
ECG tracing represents?
conduction of electric impulses from atria to vents in one cardiac cycle consists of 5 waveforms PQRST
39
waveform
deflection or movement away from the baseline (+ or -)
40
segment:
line between 2 waveforms
41
interval
consists of a waveform and a segment
42
complex
collection of waveforms, QRS complex
43
P wave
represents atrial depolarization
44
PR interval
atrial depolar and AV node delay
45
QRS complex
vent depolarization
46
ST segment
early vent repolarization
47
T wave
vent repolarization
48
QT interval
total vent activity (depolar and repolar)
49
U wave
purkinji repolar
50
what is 6 sec method?
count how many R in 6 sections. 7 = 70 BPM
51
Sequence
find R on the line and at each 5 small boxes count 300, 150, 100, 75, 60
52
what is a normal range for PR interval where does it start and end?
0.12 - 0.20 sec start of P wave and ends at start of QRS
53
Characteristics of QRS complex begins/ends/normal range
begins where the first wave deviates from baseline ends when the S wave begins to flatten out normal range: 0.04-0.10 (narrow complex)
54
J point
junction where the QRS meets the St segment - where we start to look to see if the ST segment is elevated. depressed or isoelectric (normal) - look at the amplitude when considering ST segment changes
55
ST segment, beginning and end
Begins at end of the QRS and ends when the T wave begins can be elevated, depressed or isoelectric
56
what does it mean if there is ST elevation?
- myocardial injury (MI) 1-2mm or 1-2 small boxes above the isoelectric line (most diagnostic is 1mm) other causes: Coronary artery vasospasm, pericarditis, ventricular aneurysm
57
ST depression?
- myocardial ischemia 1-2mm or boxes below the isoelectric line other causes: R or L vent hypertrophy, PE
58
How do you find/read the ST segment?
Find the J point and go over 1 1/2 boxes and see how far away from isoelectric line
59
T wave start, end
starts after ST segment and ends when it returns to isoelectric line
60
what is the QT interval
time between the onset of ventricle depolarization and end of vent repolarization - refractory period of ventricles (immediate following stimulus when further stimulus has no effect - QTc intervals is affected by HR
61
Lengthening of the QT interval can lead to?
Life threatening arrhythmias
62
What are 2 differences between SA node block and Sinus Arrest?
SA node block: SA node generates the impulse but is blocked when exits the SA node. And P-P interval maps out (exact multiples) Sinus Arrest: SA node does not generate impulse. And P-P does not map out (not exact multiples
63
Common causes of sinus arrhythmia: 3
MI Drugs Hypoxia
64
what is common in children
sinus arrhythmia

ECG 7150/7220 (6 decks)

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