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NURSING PART 2 > ECG placement > Flashcards

ECG placement Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an Electrocardiogram?

A

Records cardiac electrical currents by means of metal electrodes placed on the surface of the body.

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Patient should be treated immediately based on their ECG record

A

FALSE: Patients should be treated according to their symptoms, not merely their ECG.

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3
Q

Meaning of ECG or EKG

A

Electrocardiogram or electrokardiogram

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4
Q

What is an ECG

A

An ECG or EKG is a series of waves and deflections recording the heart’s electrical activity from a certain “view.”

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5
Q

What lead system gives you the complete view?

A

A 12-lead ECG paints a complete picture of the heart’s electrical activity by recording information through 12 different perspectives.

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6
Q

4 positional types of leads

A
  1. Right
  2. Anterior
  3. Lateral
  4. Inferior
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7
Q

What is the 12-lead ECG?

A

These 12 views are collected by placing electrodes or small, sticky patches on the chest (precordial), wrists, and ankles.

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8
Q

Clinical purposes

A
  • To detect heart problems or blockages in the coronary arteries.
  • To draw a graph of the electrical impulses moving through the heart
  • To record heart rate and regularity of heart beats
  • To diagnose a possible heart attack or other heart disorders
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9
Q

How many electrodes are there in 12 lead system?

A

10

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10
Q

Chest lead placements

A

V1 – 4TH ICS Right sternal border
V2 - 4TH ICS Left the sternal border
V3 – Midway between V2 and V4
V4 – 5th ICS Left MCL
V5 – 5th ICS Anterior Axillary line
V6 – 5th ICS Left Mid Axillary line

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11
Q

Limb placements

A

R – Right arm
L – Left arm
F – Foot (left leg)
N – Neutral (Right
foot)

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12
Q

3 Lead system (Cardiac Monitoring)

A

smoke over fire (black lead above
the red lead)

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13
Q

What is a lead?

A

A lead is a glimpse of the electrical activity of the heart from a particular angle. Put simply, a lead is like a perspective.

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14
Q

12 Lead groups

A
  • Lead I
  • Lead II
  • Lead III
  • Augmented Vector Right
    (aVR)
  • Augmented Vector Left
    (aVL)
  • Augmented vector foot
    (aVF)
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15
Q

What are the standard leads (bipolar)

A
  • Lead I - lateral wall
  • Lead II - inferior wall
  • Lead III - inferior wall
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16
Q

What are the augmented leads (unipolar)

A

aVR - no mans land
aVL - lateral wall
aVF - inferior wall

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17
Q

What are the chest leads (unipolar)

A

V1 - septal wall
V2 - septal wall
V3 - anterior wall
V4 - anterior wall
V5 - lateral wall
V6 - lateral wall

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18
Q

What leads are placed in the septal wall or to the septum?

A

V1, V2

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19
Q

What are leads placed in the anterior wall?

A

V3, V4

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20
Q

What leads are placed in inferior wall?

A

Lead II - inferior wall
Lead III - inferior wall
aVF (augmented vector foot)

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21
Q

What leads are placed in lateral wall?

A

Lead I - lateral wall
aVL - lateral wall (augmented vector left)
V5 - lateral wall
V6 - lateral wall

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22
Q

American Heart Association color and placement of leads

A

RA - white
LA - black
RL - green
LL - red

V1 - red
V2 - yellow
V3 - green
V4 - blue
V5 - orange
V6 - violet/purple

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23
Q

International Electrotechnical Commission

A

R - red
L - yellow
N - black
F - green

V1 - red
V2 - yellow
V3 - green
V4 - brown
V5 - black
V6 - violet/purple

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24
Q

An imaginary formation of three limb leads in a triangle used in electrocardiography, formed by the two shoulders and the pubis

A

Einthoven’s triangle

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25
is ECG an invasive or non-invasive procedure?
Non-invasive
26
How should we position the patient during ECG placement
Semi-fowler's position
27
What should we do as we place the pads?
* Chest skin should be dry, hairless, and oil-free. * Electrodes should have full contact with the patient's skin. For better electrode adhesion and oil-free skin, rub the area with an alcohol prep pad.
28
What pads should we put on first to the patient?
Limbs first and then chest leads
29
Do we need to remove the jewelry of the patient?
Yes. These must be removed before starting the procedure. Likewise, all personal belonging must be given after the procedure ends
30
What to document?
Document (Name, Age, Sex, Date and time performed)
31
Precautions for ECG placing
* The recording equipment and other nearby electrical equipment should be properly grounded to prevent electrical interference. * Double-check color codes and lead markings to be sure connectors match. * Make sure that the electrodes are firmly attached, and reattached them if loose skin contact is suspended. Don’t use cables that are broken, frayed, or bare.
32
What is the conduction pathway of the heart?
1. Pacing 2. Conductive 3. Non-conductive 4. Contractile
33
What is Depolarization?
The electrical charge of a cell is altered by a shift of electrolytes on either side of the cell membrane. This change stimulates muscle fiber to contract.
34
What is Repolarization
Chemical pumps re-establish an internal negative charge as the cells return to their resting state.
35
Chemical pumps re-establish an internal negative charge as the cells return to their resting state.
Repolarization
36
The electrical charge of a cell is altered by a shift of electrolytes on either side of the cell membrane. This change stimulates muscle fiber to contract.
Depolarization
37
Impulse Conduction of the heart
1. Sinoatrial node (SA) 2. Atrio-ventricular node (AV) 4. Bundle of His 3. Bundle branches 4. Purkinje fibers
38
Depolarization:___________
Dsicharge
39
Repolarization:____________
Recharge
40
Normal duration of P wave
P wave normal duration is 0.06 to 0.12 seconds
41
Characteristics of P wave
Concave and small
42
Clinical Significance: Atrial depolarization
P wave
43
Clinical Significance of P wave
Clinical Significance: Atrial depolarization
44
normal duration of PR interval
PR interval normal duration is 0.12 to 0.20 seconds
45
Characteristics of PR interval
Characteristics: Period from the start of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex
46
Clinical significance of PR interval
Clinical Significance: AV conduction time
47
normal duration of QRS complex
QRS Complex normal duration is 0.06-0.12 seconds
48
characteristics of QRS complex
Characteristics: R waves are deflected positively and the Q and S waves are negative
49
Clinical significance of QRS complex
Clinical Significance: Ventricular depolarization
50
Clinical Significance: Ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
51
Characteristics: R waves are deflected positively and the Q and S waves are negative
QRS complex
52
Normally not depressed more than 0.5 mm and not elevated no more than 1 mm
ST Segment
53
Characteristics: Isoelectric
ST Segment
54
Characteristic of ST segment
Isoelectric
55
Clinical Significance: Early ventricular repolarization
ST Segment
56
Clinical Significance of ST segment
Clinical Significance: Early ventricular repolarization
57
Normal values are between 0.30 and 0.44 (0.45 for women) seconds
QT segment
58
Clinical Significance: Ventricular depolarization and repolarization
QT segment
59
Characteristics: Rounded and asymmetrical
T wave
60
characteristics of T wave
Characteristics: Rounded and asymmetrical
61
Clinical Significance: Ventricular repolarization
T wave
62
clinical significance of T wave
Clinical Significance: Ventricular repolarization
63
three stages of a single heartbeat
1.Atrial depolarization 2.Ventricular depolarization 3.Atrial and ventricular repolarization

NURSING PART 2 (12 decks)

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