ECG The Rhythm Of The Heart

Question 1

Changes in heart rate in young people are called what

Answer 1

Sinus arrhythmia

Question 2

Sinus bradycardia can be associated with diseases/ pursuits

Answer 2

Athletic training

Fainting

Hypothermia

Myxoedema

Often seen after a heart attack

Question 3

Sinus tachycardia Is associated with what

Answer 3

Exercise

Fear Pain

Haemorrhage

Thyrotoxicosis

Question 4

Abnormal rhythms can start in three different places in the heart? Normal rhythm begins where?

Answer 4

sinus node

the atrial muscle

The region of the AV node (junctional)

The ventricular muscles

Question 5

Sinus rhythm

Atrial rhythm Junctional rhythm Are called what

Answer 5

Super-ventricular rhythms

Question 6

Super-ventricular rhythms will have a normal QRS yes are no

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Super ventricular rhythms will have ———- QRS

Answer 7

Narrow QRS

Question 8

Ventricular rhythms have ———QRS

Answer 8

Wide QRS complexes

Question 9

Usually super ventricular rhythms have narrow QRS

Ventricular rhythms have wide QRS

What can happen to make super ventricular rhythm have a wide QRS

Answer 9

LBBB or RBBB

Question 10

What are the protective rhythms call

Answer 10

Escape rhythms

Question 11

What happens in an Atrial escape

Answer 11

SA node fails to depolarise.

After a delay an abnormal p wave is seen then a normal QRS

Question 12

Nodal (junctional) escape rhythm

Answer 12

no relationship between QRS and any atrial activty ( p wave) eg af af

rate 40-60

QRS typically narrow

Question 13

Ventricular escape is most commonly seen When

Answer 13

Conduction between the atrial and ventricular is interrupted by Complete heart block

But can occur without heart block and can also be single

Question 14

Extra systoles can also be know as

Answer 14

Ectopic Premature

Question 15

The heart can occasionally be controlled by a Ventricular focus with an intrinsic frequency of discharge faster than seen in complete heart block This rhythm is called

Answer 15

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm

Question 16

5 things to ask yourself when analysing an ECG

Answer 16

1 does an early QRS complex follow an early P wave. If so it must be an atrial extra systole.

2 can a P wave be seen anywhere. A junctional extra systole may cause the appearance of a P wave very close to and even after the QRS complex

3 is the QRS the same shape throughout Super-ventricular beats look the same ventricular beats look different

4 is the T wave the same way up as in the normal beat? Super ventricular beats it’s the same way up ventricular beats look different

5does the next P wave after extra systole at an expected time .

Question 17

Which node has the highest rate of discharge?

Which nerve has influence over this area

Answer 17

SA node

Vagus nerve

Question 18

Tall P waves means what ( peaked)

Answer 18

Right atrial hypertrophy

Question 19

Broad P waves means what ( bifid)

Answer 19

Left atrial hypertrophy

Question 20

Broadening QRS complex indicates what

Answer 20

Abnormal intraventricular conduct Seen in BBB

Question 21

Increased height of the QRS indicates what What leads indicate which side

Answer 21

Ventricular hypertrophy

RVH seen in V1

LVH seen in V5-V6

Question 22

Q waves greater than 1mm across and 2mm deep indicate what

Answer 22

Mi

Question 23

ST segment elevation indicates what

Answer 23

MI

Pericarditis

Question 24

ST segment depression and T wave inversion may be due to what

Answer 24

Ischaemia

Ventricular hypertrophy

Abnormal intraventricular conduction

Digoxin

Question 25

T wave inversion is normal in what leads

Answer 25

VR and V1

Question 26

T wave inversion is associated with what

Answer 26

BBB Ischaemia Ventricular hypertrophy

Question 27

T Wave flatten or peaking with an unusually long or short QT wave interval may be due to what

Answer 27

Electrolyte abnormalities

Question 28

Many ST -T changes are what

Answer 28

Nonspecific

Question 29

A supra ventricular extrasystole resets what

Answer 29

The p wave

Question 30

When a tachycardia occurs intermittently it is called what

Answer 30

Paroxysmal

Question 31

Atrial flutter Giving the wave what appearance

Answer 31

Sawtooth appearance

Question 32

Junctional tachycardia ,node The p waves may what?

Answer 32

May be seen very close to the QRS or not at all

Question 33

CSP stands for what

Answer 33

Carotid sinus pressure

Question 34

During super ventricular tachycardia What may be helpful 1 2

Answer 34

CSP may have be therapeutic effect could make the nature of the arrhythmia more obvious

Question 35

Applying CSP Does what

Answer 35

Activates a vagal stimulation of the sa and AV nodes

Question 36

Ventricular tachycardia starts where In the heart What do the the QRS look like

Answer 36

In the ventricles Wide QRS

Question 37

Wide QRS are seen in VT Name other

Answer 37

BBB

Question 38

Atrial fibrillation Describe

Answer 38

No p waves Irregular base line Irregular Q RS Normal shaped QRS

Question 39

What are delta waves

Answer 39

QRS Early slurred upstroke

Question 40

Short PR interval Delta wave Second part of QRS normal RAD What could this be

Answer 40

WPW Wolff Parkinson white

Question 41

AVNRE

Answer 41

Atrioventricular nodal re-entry

Question 42

Most parts of the heart are capable of what

Answer 42

Spontaneous depolarisation

Question 43

Abnormal rhythms can arise in which part of the heart

Answer 43

Atrial muscle The region around the AV node ( Junction) Ventricular muscle

Question 44

Escape rhythms are what

Answer 44

Slow and protective

Question 45

Frequent depolarisation causes what

Answer 45

Tachycardia

Question 46

All super ventricular rhythms have normal what Providing their is no BBB

Answer 46

QRS

Question 47

Ventricular rhythms cause what

Answer 47

QRS and abnormal T waves