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4th Year > ECGs > Flashcards

ECGs Flashcards

1
Q

How do you calculate rate on a regular ECG?

A

300 / (number of large boxes between two R waves)

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2
Q

How do you calculate rate on a tachycardic ECG?

A

1500 / (number of small boxes between two R waves)

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3
Q

How do you calculate rate on an irregular ECG?

A

(number of QRS complexes in 6 seconds (30 large boxes)) x 10

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4
Q

Which two leads do you look at to determine the heart axis?

A

Lead I and aVF

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5
Q

Which leads will be positive/negative in a normal axis?

A

I = +ve, aVF = +ve

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6
Q

Which leads will be positive/negative in right axis deviation?

A

I = -ve, aVF = +ve

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7
Q

Which leads will be positive/negative in left axis deviation?

A

I = +ve, aVF = -ve

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8
Q

What is a normal PR interval?

A

120-200ms (3-5 small squares)

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9
Q

What is a normal QRS duration?

A

<120ms (<3 small squares)

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10
Q

In which leads should p waves be upright and rounded?

A

II, III and aVF

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11
Q

What do most supra ventricular rhythms have in common?

A

Narrow QRS

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12
Q

What are three main criteria for sinus rhythm?

A
  1. P wave for every QRS 2. QRS for every P wave 3. PR interval <200
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13
Q

What is the difference between sinus rhythm and a sinus arrhythmia?

A

The rhythm itself in a sinus arrhythmia is irregular

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of sinus arrhythmia?

A

Breathing - physiological

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15
Q

What are the three main criteria for AF?

A
  1. No visible P waves 2. Irregularly irregular QRS 3. Ragged baseline
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16
Q

In atrial flutter, what is the atrial contraction rate?

A

300bpm

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17
Q

What is the characteristic finding on an atrial flutter ECG?

A

Sawtooth baseline

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18
Q

What is the name given to the repeated p waves found in atrial flutter?

A

f waves

19
Q

What is a supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Regular, tachycardic rhythm often with no clear P waves

20
Q

What are the three main types of SVT?

A
  1. Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) 2.Atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT) 3. Atrial tachycardia
21
Q

What is the pathophysiology of SVTs?

A

Re-entry of an electrical signal to the atria

22
Q

What is the accessory pathway called in Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome?

A

Bundle of Kent

23
Q

What are the three characteristic features of a WPW ECG?

A
  1. Short PR interval 2. Wide QRS 3. Delta wave
24
Q

What do all ventricular rhythms have in common?

A

Broad QRS

25
Q

What are ventricular ectopics?

A

Premature ventricular beats

26
Q

Are ventricular ectopics pathological?

A

Not always

27
Q

Is monomorphic VT pathological?

A

Always

28
Q

What is the appearance of polymorphic VT?

A

Forth Rail Bridge

29
Q

What do QRS complexes look like in Torsades de Pointes?

A

Increasing and decreasing in height

30
Q

What are the two rhythms that Torsades de Pointes may progress to?

A
  1. Sinus rhythm 2. VT
31
Q

What is VF always associated with?

A

Loss of consciousness

32
Q

Describe a VF ECG.

A

Irregular and random baseline with no clear waveforms

33
Q

What two beats are almost always diagnostic of VT?

A
  1. Capture 2. Fusion
34
Q

What does this ECG show?

A

AF

35
Q

What does this ECG show?

A

AF

36
Q

What does this ECG show?

A

AF

37
Q

What does this ECG show?

A

Atrial flutter

38
Q

What does this ECG show?

A

Atrial flutter

39
Q

What does this ECG show?

A

Atrial flutter

40
Q

What does this ECG show?

A
41
Q

What does this ECG show?

A

VF

42
Q

What does this ECG show?

A

Torsades de Pointes

43
Q
A
44
Q

What does this ECG show?

A

VT

4th Year (1 decks)

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