Echo 101

Question 1

Probe placement for parasternal long axis

Answer 1

Indicator towards rt shoulder in cardiac mode, 4th inercostal space and sternal boarder

Transducer to left shoulder

Question 2

Parasternal short axis prob plarmcement

Answer 2

From PLAX turn 90 degree to left shoulder

Question 3

Probe placement for apical view

Answer 3

5th intercostal space, mid clavicular line
(PMI)

Question 4

Nl LVIDd for men and women

Answer 4

4.2 - 5.6 for men
3.8 - 5.2 for women

Question 5

Nl LVIDs for men and women

Answer 5

2.5 - 4.0 for men
2.2 - 3.5 for women

Question 6

LV mass in gm for men and women

Answer 6

88 - 224 in men
67 - 162 in women

Question 7

LV mass/BSA (g/m2)

Answer 7

49 - 115 in men
43 - 95 in women

Question 8

LV mass/BSA (g/m2)

Answer 8

49 - 115 in men
43 - 95 in women

Question 9

RV fxn calculated by 6 parameters

Answer 9

1. Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion
2. DTI
3. FAC
4. RV longitudinal strain
5. 3D ef
6. Right index of myocardial performance RIMP

Question 10

LA diameter

Answer 10

Men 3 - 4 cm
Women 2.7 - 3.8 cm

Question 11

LA volume normal

Answer 11

< 34 ml/m2

Question 12

RA area normal

Answer 12

< 18 cm

Question 13

Aortic roots dimensions are calculated by 4 areas

Answer 13

1. Annulus
2. Sinus of Valsalva
3. Sinotubular junction
4. Proximal ascending aorta

Question 14

Nl Annulus measurement

Answer 14

2.6 cm

Question 15

Nl Sinus of Valsalva measurement

Answer 15

3.4 cm

Question 16

Nl Sinotubular junction measurement

Answer 16

2.9 cm

Question 17

Nl Proximal ascending aorta measurement

Answer 17

3.0 cm

Question 18

IVC diameter

Answer 18

< 2.1 cm
>50 % collapse

Question 19

RV size measurements (3)

Answer 19

Base <41mm
Mid <35 mm
Longitudinal 83mm

Question 20

RA dimension in cm

Answer 20

2.5 - 4.1

Question 21

Aortic valve gradient for stenosis

Answer 21

Normal range: Less than 5 mmHg
Mild stenosis: 5-25 mmHg
Moderate stenosis: 25-50 mmHg
Severe stenosis: Greater than 50 mmH

Question 22

Mitral valve area for stenosis

Answer 22

Normal Area 4.0-6.0 cm2
Mild Stenosis 1.5-2.5 cm2
Moderate Stenosis 1.0-1.5 cm2
Severe Stenosis < 1.0 cm2

Question 23

Aortic & mitral annulus size

Answer 23

Aortic Annulus Size 1.8-2.3 cm
Mitral Annulus Size 3.0-3.5 cm

Question 24

Aortic and mitral VTI

Answer 24

Aortic VTI 18-25 cm
Mitral VTI 10-13 cm

Question 25

Aortic valve area

Answer 25

Normal Area 2.5-4.5 cm2 Mild Stenosis 1.0-2.5 cm2 Moderate Stenosis 0.75-1.0 cm2 Severe Stenosis < 0.75 cm2

Question 26

Aortic valve peak velocity

Answer 26

Mild 2-2.9 m/s Moderate 3-4 m/s Severe >4 m/s

Question 27

Aortic regurgitation in msec

Answer 27

Mild AR > 550 msec Moderate AR 300-550 msec Severe AR < 300 msec

Question 28

Mitral valve mean gradient

Answer 28

Normal Gradient < 2 mmHg Mild Stenosis 2-6 mmHg Moderate Stenosis 6-12 mmHg Severe Stenosis >12 mmHg

Question 29

Tricuspid valve gradient

Answer 29

21–30 mmHg

Question 30

Tricuspid valve gradient

Answer 30

21–30 mmHg