Echology

Question 1

Limiting Factors

Answer 1

• Birth potential
• capacity of survival
• length of reproductive life
• breed frequency

Question 2

Breed frequency

Answer 2

Number of times that a species reproduces in a year

Question 3

Birth potential

Answer 3

Maximum number of offspring per birth

Question 4

Capacity of survival

Answer 4

Number of offspring that reach the reproductive life

Question 5

Length of reproductive life

Answer 5

The age of sexual maturity, and the number of years an individual can reproduce

Question 6

Carrying Capacity

Answer 6

The maximum population size that an ecosystem can maintain over an extended period of time

Question 7

Population sizes -Limiting Factors

Answer 7

• internal factors (biological)

* external factors (abiotic, biotic)

Question 8

Law of minimum (Leibig’s Law)

Answer 8

The nutrient in the least supply limits the growth of the production

Question 9

Law of Tolerance

Answer 9

Too much of sth is also harmful. Organisms survive within a particular range of an biotic factor

Question 10

Abiotic (non-living)

Answer 10

Plants:
Soil type, moisture, humidity, temperature
Animals:
Temperature, water sources, shelter

Question 11

Biotic (living)

Answer 11

1) competition for resources
2) predators
3) parasites

Question 12

Competition for resources

Answer 12

Intraspecific: members of a same group
Interspecific: member of different species

Question 13

Predators

Answer 13

Consumption of one organism by another

Question 14

Parasites

Answer 14

One organism (the parasite) benefits from another (host)

Question 15

Sample populations

Answer 15

A small portion of a population is taken and then the average is calculated
•transect~> moving species
•quadrant~> many section o the same size within an ecosystem are chosen, usually fir stationary species

Question 16

Comunity

Answer 16

Multiple populations, same time, same area

Question 17

Ecosystem

Answer 17

The communities along with physical and chemical environment (biotic and abiotic compounds)

Question 18

Factors affecting ecosystems

Answer 18

• density-independent: affects members of a population regardless of population density
• density-dependent: affects members of a population because of population density

Question 19

Niche

Answer 19

The role that the species member plays in an ecosystem (like a job)

Question 20

Ecotone

Answer 20

The dividing area between two ecosystems

Question 21

Ecosystems Unbalanced factors:

Answer 21

• hunting
• deforestation
• natural disaster
• source of food dies out
• fire
• human influence ( building roads thru, pollution)

Question 22

Indicator Species

Answer 22

A species that is sensitive to small changes in an ecosystem that provides an early indication that sth is wrong within the system

Question 23

Toxonomy

Answer 23

The practice of classifying living things

Question 24

Kingdoms

Answer 24

Aristotle classified organisms as either plant or animal. Hackle added the third kingdom “protista”

Question 25

6 kingdoms:

Answer 25

1) platae 2) animalia 3) archaebacteria 4) fungi 5) eubacteria 6) protista

Question 26

3 domains:

Answer 26

1) bacteria 2) eukarya 3) archaea

Question 27

Archeabacteria

Answer 27

Live in extreme environments (extreme hot/cold)

Question 28

Eubacteria

Answer 28

Oldest known living things

Question 29

Fungi

Answer 29

- break down organic matters - immobile - do not fossilized - include mushrooms

Question 30

Protista

Answer 30

- multicellular and single celled - subdivided: protozoans algae - include diatoms, algae, ameobas

Question 31

Animalia

Answer 31

- primarily multicellular | - include sponges to insects to humans

Question 32

Plantare

Answer 32

- mostly single complex cells - have roots and shoots - produce energy via photosynthesis - include mosses to pine trees

Question 33

Classification

Answer 33

Carl Linaeus ~> the classification system based on physical and structural features

Question 34

Linnaeus's groups:

Answer 34

- phylum - class - order - family - genus - species

Question 35

Habitat

Answer 35

An area or place in biome with a specific set of characteristics in which a species like.

Question 36

Range

Answer 36

Geographical area where the population of species is found

Question 37

Species

Answer 37

Group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring