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Ecology+Conservation > Eco+Cons definitions > Flashcards

Eco+Cons definitions Flashcards

Term 1 2023 (63 cards)

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1
Q

ecology

A

interactions between organisms and their environments

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2
Q

organismal ecology

A

physiological, evolutionary + behavioural ecology based on an organism’s structure, morphology and behaviour (survival and reproduction)

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3
Q

Population ecology

A

Species population dynamics eg. climatic variations, resources (bottom-up(, predation (top-down)

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4
Q

community ecology

A

interactions between populations eg. predation, competition, parasitic relationships, symbiosis

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5
Q

ecosystem ecology

A

Ecological community and physical factors eg. energy fluxes/flows and nutrient+chemical recycling

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6
Q

Landscape ecology

A

mosaic of connected ecosystems, focused on factors that control exchanges of energy, materials + organism across ecosystems

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7
Q

Global ecology

A

The biosphere, regional changes + global processes eg. gas exchange

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8
Q

biome

A

major life zone characterised by vegetation type

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9
Q

ecotones

A

transition zones between biomes

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10
Q

climograph

A

shows the distribution of biomes

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11
Q

disturbance

A

event (storm, fire or human activity) that changes a community (removes organisms/ changes resource availability)

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12
Q

chaparral

A

Mediterranean biome

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13
Q

seasonal turnover in lakes

A

oxygenated water from the surface is send to the bottom and the nutrient-rich water from the bottom is brought up in spring and autumn, recycling

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14
Q

demography

A

study of birth, death + migration rates that causes pops to vary

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15
Q

life tables

A

show survivorship curves relating to reproductive strategy and typical cause of death

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16
Q

carrying capacity

A

the limit on the number of organisms that an ecosystem can sustain

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17
Q

logistic population growth

A

dN/dt = rN((k-N)/k)

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18
Q

life history

A

an organism’s scheduled reproduction and survival

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19
Q

semelparity

A

only reproduce once in life history

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20
Q

iteroparity

A

reproduce multiple times in life history

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21
Q

ecological footprint

A

land + water area needed to produce all resources that a person consumes and to absorb all their waste

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22
Q

biogeography

A

aims to understand processes that shape spatial patterns in biodiversity

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23
Q

resource partitioning

A

differentiation of ecological niches that allow species to live together (rely on different resources)

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24
Q

inference

A

one species has a competitive edge in food obtaining

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25
fundamental niche
total area/niche a species can occupy
26
actual niche
actual area/niche a species can occupuy (due to competition)
27
abscission
leaves dropping as a defense response
28
endoparatism
live in hosts body eg. tapeworm
29
ectoparatism
live on external surface of host eg. fleas+lice
30
holohparasites
obligate parasites that can't complete a life cycle without a host
31
schistosoiasis
disease caused by flukes in humans
32
trophic structure
structure and dynamics of a community shaped by feeding relations between organisms
33
stability
tendance of a community to maintain relativly constant composition in the face of disturbance
34
climax community
final stage of succession, remain stable despite disturbances
35
ecological succession
disturbed areas colonised by lots of species that are replaced
36
primary succesion
new, lifeless areas are colonised eg.volcanic island
37
secondary succession
species that colonise areas with disturbances that have destroyed most but maintained its soils eg. wildfire
38
dominant species
the most abundant + have the largest biomass in the community
39
keystone species
not the most abundant but play a disproportionatly large role in the food web
40
ecosystem engineers/foundation species
physically alter environmnet facilitating other species to cohabitat
41
bottom-up control
organsism's abundance limited by nutrient supply (producers)
42
top-down control
organism's abundance limited by predators
43
intermediate distrubane hypothesis
medium levels of dsturbance alter biodiversity more than extremes (open up habitats for occupation)
44
entropy
measure of disorder within a system
45
Gross PP (GPP)
rate of conversion of light into chemical energy by photosysnthesis
46
net PP (NPP)
the rate of chemical energy production after respiration is considered
47
Primary Productivity
the amount of energy that autotrophs convert into usable chemical energy (used by detrivore, herbivores + carnivores)
48
NEP
Net ecosystem production - GPP of all roganisms (community respiration)
49
standing stock
organisms currently present
50
GSP
gross secondary production - total energy of consumers AFTER defecation(=eaten-fecal loss)
51
NSP
net secondary production - total ernegy of consumers (=food eaten)
52
detrivores
ogranisms that breakdown matter via ingestion eg. bacteria., fungi, protoctists
53
coprovores
organsisms that break down matter by consuming and redigesting watse eg. dung beetle
54
fossilisation
formation of peat (oil+coal)
55
bioremediation
taking organsims (usually prokaryotes, fungi + plants) to detoxify polluted ecosystems
56
biological augmentation
uses organisms to add essential nutrients to degraded ecosystems
57
species level conservation
conservation focused on specic crises and endangered species eg. ICUN red list
58
population level conservation
conservation focused on genetic diversity of populations (extinction vortex)
59
extinction vortex
where small populations evolve genetic problems in breeding> lower genetic variability> lower individual fitness + population adaptibility> lower reproduction rates + higher mortality> smaller popuation> extinction
60
Habitat and landscape level conservation
conservation that focuses on core general threats to biodiversity (gamma diversity) and its habitats
61
Global level conservation
conservation focused on protecting biodiversity hotspots
62
Effective population
How much of genetic variation in populations is carried over
63

Ecology+Conservation (2 decks)

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