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Unit 1: Political Traditions > Ecologism > Flashcards

Ecologism Flashcards

1
Q

Who coined the term ecological and one which year?

A

Ernest Hackle 1866

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2
Q

Who was Ernst Haeckel?

A

German Zoologist

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3
Q

Where did Ernest Hackle coined the term Ecologism?

A

In his book German Morphology in 1866

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4
Q

What is ecologism?

A

Political term

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5
Q

When did ecologism became popular?

A

1960s

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6
Q

How did ecologism started becoming popular?

A

With growing green movements in 1960s

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7
Q

What does ecologism believe in?

A

Non human world worthy of consideration

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8
Q

Themes of ecologism?

A

Ecology
Sustainability
Holism
Environmental ethics

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9
Q

What is important to the ecology and what did they challenge?

A

Environment and challenge the belief that human is the master of nature

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10
Q

Holism?

A

Comes from the word “WHOLE”

taking everything into account

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11
Q

What does holism give preference to?

A

Interest of nature is more important than interest of human beings

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12
Q

Who coined the term holism?
And in which year?

A

Jan smuts 1926

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13
Q

Who was Jan Smuts?

A

2times PM of South Africa and coined the term holism in 1926

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14
Q

Who gave the concept of growth mania?

A

Herman Daily

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15
Q

What is growth Mania?

A

Wanting to have growth in all areas and this has caused environmental disaster

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16
Q

What is sustainability ?

A

Believe that developments are important but things also need to be maintained so that they can be sustained for the future generations

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17
Q

What did EF Schumacher highlight in his book small is beautiful ?

A

Humans has been making income from energy

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18
Q

What is environmental ethics?

A

We have to have some ethical values, and principles toward the environment and the resources and natural world needs to be valued

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19
Q

Who develop the green theory a value?

A

Goodin

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20
Q

What are the types of ecologism?

A

Ecosocialism
Eco Anarchism
Eco Feminism

21
Q

What did the eco socialism blames?

A

Capitalism for environmental destruction

22
Q

What did eco socialism suggested?

A

Problems of the environment can only be solved by abolishing or controlling capitalism

23
Q

What is the statement given by Rudolph Bahro about eco socialism?

A

The root cause of the environmental crisis is capitalism in 1982

24
Q

What do the anarchist believe?

A

Believe in a stateless society

25
Q

Belief of eco anarchist?

A

Nature is self-regulated therefore there is no need for a political authority like the state.

26
Q

Suggestion of eco anarchism?

A

Making decentralized societies

Organize ourselves into commoners

In this way, we can live closely to nature

27
Q

What do the Eco feminist aim at?

A

Creating gendered neutral society

28
Q

Who did the eco feminist blame?

A

Patriarchy

29
Q

Who gave the term eco feminism?
Where?
When?

A

Francoise D Eaubonne
Book Le Feminism Ou La Mort
1974

30
Q

What is Gaia Hypothesis?

A

It is a hypothesis that believes that the biosphere and life of different forms contribute to
1. global temperature
2. Oxygen salinity
3. Oxygen in the atmosphere

31
Q

Who introduce Gaia Hypothesis?

When?

A

James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis

1970s

32
Q

What is Gaia Hypothesis known as?

A

Gaia Theory or Gaia Principle

33
Q

Supporter of Shallow ecology?

A

Anthony Weston

34
Q

Supporter of Deep Ecology?

A

Arnes Naess 1973

35
Q

Believe of Shallow Ecology?

A

Anthropocentrism

Humans should direct nature

Nature should serve humans

36
Q

What did shallow ecology rejects??

A

Ecocentrism and Biocentrism

37
Q

To whom did shallow ecology give preference to?

A

Humans

38
Q

What kind of idea is shallow ecology?

A

Realist idea

39
Q

What kind of idea is deep ecology??

A

Idealist idea

40
Q

To whom did deep ecology give preference to?

A

Ecology

41
Q

What did deep ecology rejects ?

A

Anthropocentrism

42
Q

What does deep ecology believes in ?

A

Ecocentrism and Biocentrism where living beings and nature are to be taken seriously

43
Q

Ernst Friedrich

A

Exponents of ecologism

44
Q

Rachael Carson

A

Exponent of ecologism

45
Q

Caroline Meechant

A

Exponent of Ecologism

46
Q

Rudolph Bahro

A

Exponent of Ecologism

47
Q

Arnes Naess

A

Exponent of Ecologism and gave the term deep ecology

48
Q

James Love Lock

A

Exponent of Ecology

49
Q

Murray Bookchin

A

Exponent of Ecology

Unit 1: Political Traditions (5 decks)

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