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Science 20-21 > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a biotic feature? Example?

A

any living thing

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2
Q

What is an abiotic feature? Example?

A

any non-living thing

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3
Q

What are the levels of biological organization?

A

Individual –> Population –> Community –> Ecosystem –> Biome –> Biosphere

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4
Q

Who divided biotic organisms to plants + animals (philosopher)?

A

Aristotle

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5
Q

What is a genus?

A

A group of species that are related

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6
Q

What is a species (2)?

A

a smaller more limited group within a genus; group of individuals that can successfully reproduce

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7
Q

What are the 6 Kingdoms?

A

Animal, Plants, Fungi, Protist, Bacteria, Archaea

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8
Q

What are the more specific classifications within each kingdom (8)?

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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9
Q

What is a biological community?

A

all the populations in a given area

Ex. park, forest, ocean

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10
Q

What is a habitat?

A

a specific place where species/animal live

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11
Q

What is the difference between learning and adaptations? Examples?

A

Learning: gaining knowledge on how to do something
Adaptations: features you inherit to help you survive in your environment

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12
Q

What makes up an ecosystem?

A

interactions between biotic and abiotic features

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13
Q

What is sampling? A quadrat equation?

A

Sampling- estimating by counting individuals in smaller area and x by a larger area
Quadrat: take random areas in large area, count individuals in each area and +, then ÷ total by no. of samples to = average /square, multiply average by total no. of squares= approx. no. of animals in large area.

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14
Q

What is climate?

A

average weather pattern in a place over a long period of time (In general)

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15
Q

What is weather?

A

constantly changing

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16
Q

What is a biome?

A

group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms

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17
Q

What are the 6 biomes (terrestrial)?

A

Grasslands, Tundra, Taiga, Temperate Deciduous Forest, Tropical Rainforest, Desert

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18
Q

The taiga is also known as?

A

Boreal Forest, Coniferous forest

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19
Q

What is permafrost?

A

ground stays frozen (just on top)

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20
Q

What is a canopy?

A

treetops shielding/covering from the sky

21
Q

What does arid mean?

A

little to no rain

22
Q

What is a biosphere?

A

everyplace on Earth where all living and non-living things interact with each other

23
Q

What are the 3 parts of the biosphere? Explain each part.

A

Hydrosphere- water
Atmosphere- Air
Lithosphere- Land

24
Q

What is succession? Examples?

A

gradual process where certain species take over and replace original ones

25
Q

Organisms come first in succession True or False

If no, what happens first?

A

False, Lichens grows and breaks down rocks

26
Q

What happens if non-native species are introduced? Example?

A

native species may not have enough food and next line of succession dies out
Ex. Zebra Mussels

27
Q

What happens if succession occurs too quickly? Example?

A

some organisms may overtake and force them to go extinct

Ex. dodo birds

28
Q

What is the difference between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration?

A

Photosynthesis: plants

Cellular Respiration: humans and animals

29
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

A

water + carbon dioxide +(sunlight) = glucose + oxygen

30
Q

What is the formula for cellular respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide = (ATP Energy)

31
Q

What is a food chain? 3 examples.

A

shows how energy is passed from one organism to another

32
Q

What is a food web? Example if wanted.

A

more accurate than food chain, shows how animals interact(predator, prey)

33
Q

What is a producer vs consumer? Examples?

A

Producer: produces food
Consumers: consumes food made by producers

34
Q

What is the difference between a herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore? Examples of each?

A

herbivore: eats plants
carnivore: eats meat
omnivore: eats both, eats anything

35
Q

What is a predator vs prey? Example?

A

predator- hunts for food

prey- is the food

36
Q

What is a scavenger? Example?

A

eats dead or decaying food

37
Q

What is a decomposer? Example?

A

breaks down dead material and recycles back into ecosystem

38
Q

What is a niche?

A

the role an animal plays in an ecosystem

39
Q

What are some animals who have more than one niche?

A

seagulls- scavenger (dead organisms on shore) and carnivore (fresh fish)
snails- scavenger (dead fish) and herbivore (plants and algae)

40
Q

What is an energy flow?

A

movement of energy

41
Q

What is an energy pyramid? What is the energy used for?

A

show show energy is transfered; energy is used for many things

42
Q

What is a pyramid of numbers?

A

shows how much of each animal/ energy is needed to sustain the other

43
Q

What is biomass? Does it decrease or increase as you go higher in levels?

A

total mass of all organisms in ecosystem

decreases as you go up

44
Q

What is an autotroph vs heterotroph?

A

autotroph: produces food
heterotroph: can’t produce own food

45
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

two species living closely together in relationship that lasts over time

46
Q

What are the 3 types of symbiosis? Examples of each?

A

Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism

47
Q

Which is the symbiosis where both benefit?

A

Mutualism

48
Q

Which is the symbiosis where one benefits and the other isn’t affected?

A

Commensalism

Science 20-21 (1 decks)

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