ecology

Question 1

kinesis

Answer 1

random behavior

Question 2

taxis

Answer 2

automatic behavior toward or away from a stimulus

Question 3

how do animals communicate

Answer 3

using visual, auditory, chemical, tactile, and electrical signals

Question 4

olfactory communication

Answer 4

through smell
usually pheromones

Question 5

altruism

Answer 5

animals behave in a way that reduce their individual fitness but increase fitness of other populations

Question 6

clumped dispersion

Answer 6

form of density of pop where they are grouped together

Question 7

uniform dispersion

Answer 7

evenly distributed

Question 8

random dispersion

Answer 8

dispersing is unaffected by others

Question 9

r vs. K graph

Answer 9

r is maximum growth rate
K is carrying capacity

Question 10

r selected species

Answer 10

emphasis on high growth rate
many offspring
unlikely to survive to adulthood

Question 11

k selected species

Answer 11

live at densities close to carrying capacity

Question 12

population growth equation

Answer 12

dN/dt = B-D

dN/ dt = growth rate
B = birth rate
D= death rate

dN/dt = rN
N= population size
r = rate

Question 13

exponential population growth

Answer 13

population growth under idealized conditions
j-shaped curve
dN/dt = rmaxN

r= maximum per capita growth rate of population

Question 14

carrying capacity

Answer 14

max the environment can support

Question 15

logistic growth model

Answer 15

declines as it reaches carrying capacity
dN/dt = rmaxN (K-N/K)

K = carrying capacity
s shaped

Question 16

density independent population

Answer 16

birth rate and death rate doesn’t change with. population density

Question 17

density dependent population

Answer 17

birth rates fall and death rates rise with population density

Question 18

density dependent factors that regulate population size

Answer 18

competition for resources
territoriality
disease
predation

Question 19

density independent factors that can affect population size

Answer 19

floods
fires

Question 20

tropic levels

Answer 20

food chain levels
producers
primary consumers
secondary consumers
tertiary consumers

Question 21

what happens to energy that producers absorb from sunlight

Answer 21

turned into chemical energy that is consumed by higher tropic levels but only 10% is consumed per higher tropic level
the rest is lost as heat

Question 22

what happens when organisms in the trophies level die

Answer 22

consumed by scavengers and broken down by decomposes

Question 23

keystone species

Answer 23

species that if removed can destroy the balance of the environment

Question 24

what other factors can affect the balance of an environment

Answer 24

addition of a non-native species
human impacts

Question 25

invasive species

Answer 25

non-native species that compete with native species for food