Ecology

Question 1

What is a biosphere

Answer 1

Biosphere is the parts of the earth where life exists

Question 2

What are ecosystems

Answer 2

Natural system which living and non living organisms interact

Question 3

What is a community

Answer 3

an interacting group of various species in a common location

Question 4

What is a population

Answer 4

a group of organisms of a single species that can interbreed and live in the same time in the same environment.

Question 5

Abiotic

Answer 5

Non-living factors that impact the ecosystem

Question 6

Biotic

Answer 6

Living factors of an ecosystem

Question 7

Ecology

Answer 7

Study of the relations of the organisms to one another and to their environments

Question 8

Herbivore

Answer 8

Only eats plants

Question 9

Omnivore

Answer 9

Eats both plants and meat

Question 10

Carnivore

Answer 10

Only eats meat

Question 11

Decomposed/Detritivores

Answer 11

Eats dead organic matter

Question 12

Detritus

Answer 12

Remains / waste matter of dead organisms

Question 13

What’s do decomposes do for the ecosystem

Answer 13

They produce nutrients needed for growth and repair

Question 14

Food chain definition

Answer 14

Sequence of feeding relationships describing which organisms eat eachother

Question 15

What will weaker members of a species do when food is scarce

Answer 15

-They leave to find food
-Also more susceptible to disease
- targeted by predators and parasites
-forced to live in dangerous areas
-their young exposed to danger

Question 16

What does competition between communities do for the environment

Answer 16

-diff species compete for food / shelter
-competition balance ecosystem

Question 17

Host

Answer 17

Plant or animal in which a parasite lives

Question 18

Habitat

Answer 18

Places where organisms live, eat and reproduce

Question 19

What is symbiosis

Answer 19

2 organisms that live together temporarily or permanently, at least one organism must benefit

Question 20

What are the three types of symbiosis

Answer 20

Mutualism;Commensalism;Parasitism

Question 21

Mutualism definition

Answer 21

Both organisms benefit eg ox pecker+ox Anenome + Clownfish

Question 22

Commensalism definition

Answer 22

One organism benefits other is unaffected eg Cattle + Egrets Remora + Shark (Remora not cleaner fish)

Question 23

Parasitism definition

Answer 23

One organism benefits the other is harmed eg Tick, Acacia + Ants

Question 24

What are structural adaptations

Answer 24

The way something is made

Question 25

What are Behavioural Adaptations

Answer 25

The way something acts naturally or by instinct

Question 26

List at least 3 examples of structural adaptations

Answer 26

-Leaves & stems absorb energy from sun -Roots soak up water + nutrients from soil -sweet fruits to spread seeds

Question 27

List 3 examples of behavioural adaptations

Answer 27

-Plants learning to grow towards sun -desert flowers stay dormant for months only to come to life when it rains -vines climb up trees to catch sunlight

Question 28

What is a biome

Answer 28

Where specific abiotic factors allows certain biotic factors to survive

Question 29

What are some structural desert adaptations in plants (3)

Answer 29

-small leaves to conserve water -waxy leaves -stomata on underside

Question 30

what are some behavioural adaptations of plants in deserts

Answer 30

-dormant phases to survive droughts -roots near surface to soak up max water b4 evaporation

Question 31

What are plant adaptations in grasslands

Answer 31

-deep roots to stop being burnt by fires -dark flowers to absorb max sunlight -fuzzy stems for wind protection

Question 32

Tundra adaptations of plants

Answer 32

-small plants, close to ground to keep warmth -dark plants to absorb heat - fuzzy stems for wind protection

Question 33

Plant adaptations in Rainforest

Answer 33

-smooth, slippery bark to stop vines from killing trees -slide shaped leaves to make water run off and stop fungi -deep roots to not be washed away -brightly coloured flowers to attract more insects than others

Question 34

Temperate forest plant adaptations

Answer 34

-thick bark to conserve nutrients -drop leaves in winter to conserve water

Question 35

Plant water adaptations

Answer 35

-Flexible stem to move w water currents -floating seeds to spread offspring - Air pockets to make stems + leaves float

Question 36

Parasitic plant adaptations

Answer 36

-Roots can take nutrients from other plants -don’t need soil

Question 37

Carnivorous plant adaptations

Answer 37

-nutrients taken by eating other organisms (insects) -since they eat bugs they can survive in bad soil

Question 38

Definition of Biodiversity

Answer 38

Variety of animals and plants in an ecosystem

Question 39

What are the three types of biodiversity

Answer 39

-Diversity in ecosystems -Diversity of Species -Diversity of Genes

Question 40

Tropic level definition

Answer 40

The position of an organism in a food chain

Question 41

What happens if one tropic levels dies

Answer 41

Interrupts food chain , balance of nature therefor destruction rains

Question 42

What 2 things do a complex ecosystem have

Answer 42

-several tropic levels -loss of one or more species = not many problems

Question 43

What causes large changes in an ecosystem

Answer 43

Loss or addition of certain species

Question 44

What does Niche mean

Answer 44

The role of an organism

Question 45

What are the 2 benefits to biodiversity

Answer 45

Consumption Values Non-Consumption Value

Question 46

What are 5 consumption values of Biodiversity

Answer 46

Food & drink Fuel Medicine Better crop varieties Industrial materials

Question 47

What are 3 non-consumption values of Biodiversity

Answer 47

Recreation (tourism) Education&research Traditional values

Question 48

What are the 2 types of threats to biodiversity

Answer 48

Natural Causes Man-Made causes

Question 49

What are natural threats to biodiversity (2)

Answer 49

Tornadoes Floods

Question 50

What are man made threats to biodiversity

Answer 50

Exotic species Pollution Hunting Agriculture Habitatil Destruction