Ecology

Question 1

What is a feeding relationship

Answer 1

How different organisms feed on (eat) each other

Question 2

What name is given to organisms that make their own food?

Answer 2

Producer

Question 3

Where do producers get their energy from?

Answer 3

The sun

Question 4

In a food chain or web, what name is given to an organism that eats another organism?

Answer 4

Consumer

Question 5

In a food chain or web, what name is given to the organism that eats the producer?

Answer 5

Primary consumer

Question 6

In a food chain or web, what name is given to the organism that eats the primary consumer?

Answer 6

Secondary consumer

Question 7

In a food chain or web, what name is given to the organism that eats the secondary consumer?

Answer 7

Tertiary Consumer

Question 8

What name is given to organisms that eat animals?

Answer 8

Predators

Question 9

What name is given to animals that are eaten by other organisms?

Answer 9

Prey

Question 10

In a food chain or web, which direction are the arrows drawn in?

Answer 10

From the organism being eaten to the organism eating it

Question 11

In a food chain or web, why are the arrows drawn from the organism being eaten to the organism eating it?

Answer 11

To show the flow of energy

Question 12

What is decay

Answer 12

The breakdown of dead organisms

Question 13

What name is given to organisms that cause decay?

Answer 13

Decomposer

Question 14

What are the two main types of decomposer?

Answer 14

Detritivores and microbes

Question 15

Give an example of a detritivore

Answer 15

Maggots, Woodlice

Question 16

Give an example of a microbe decomposer

Answer 16

Bacteria, Fungi

Question 17

Why is decay important?

Answer 17

It releases waste products that plants can use.

Question 18

What conditions are best for decay?

Answer 18

Lots of oxygen, warm temperatures and moisture

Question 19

What is the “population” of an organism?

Answer 19

The number of that organism in a particular area

Question 20

What is interdependence?

Answer 20

How organisms depend on each other for survival

Question 21

What is bioaccumulation?

Answer 21

How toxic materials build up in a food chain

Question 22

What is an adaptation?

Answer 22

A way an organism suits its environment

Question 23

Name two types of adaptation

Answer 23

Physical and behavioural

Question 24

Give an example of a physical adaptation

Answer 24

Sharp teeth, camouflage, foot surface area, spikes

Question 25

Give an example of a behavioural adaptation

Answer 25

Making nests to shelter offspring (children), huddling for warmth, rolling into a ball, courtship displays

Question 26

What is competition?

Answer 26

Where organisms have to struggle against each other for resources

Question 27

Where organisms have to struggle against each other for resources

Answer 27

Food, water, space, light, mates

Question 28

What is a species?

Answer 28

A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

Question 29

What is extinction?

Answer 29

When an entire species dies out

Question 30

Name two things that can cause extinction

Answer 30

New predators, new diseases, changes to habitat, more successful competitors, catastrophic events (like volcanoes or asteroid impacts

Question 31

How can scientists estimate population size?

Answer 31

By using Quadrats (sampling from a larger area)

Question 32

What word is used to describe the variety of species in an area?

Answer 32

Biodiversity

Question 33

Give two reasons why biodiversity is importants

Answer 33

Moral reasons, species may be useful to us, protects food supply, limits large changes to food chains and webs

Question 34

Name two ways in which scientists try to maintain biodiversity

Answer 34

Gene banks, protection of habitats, breeding programmes