Ecology

Question 1

Define Habitat

Answer 1

The Place where an organism lives and breeds

Question 1

Explain Population

Answer 1

The Number of organisms of a single species in a habitat

Question 2

Explain Community

Answer 2

All the population from all species in a particular area

Question 3

Explain Biodiversity

Answer 3

A measure of the range of different species of organsims living in an area

Question 4

Explain environment

Answer 4

The surroundings in which an organism lives

Question 5

Explain Ecosystem

Answer 5

an area in which a community interacts with each other and their environment

Question 6

Explain sampling

Answer 6

a process used to give a good estimate of the number or percentage of an organism in a particular area

Question 7

What are biotic factors

Answer 7

living factors (predators like sai)

Question 8

What are abiotic factors

Answer 8

Non Living Factors(Temperature, light , ph)

Question 9

What do living things compete for

Answer 9

Plants= water,light,space to grow, minerals

Animals= Water,food,territory, mates

Question 10

What is a Food CHain

Answer 10

the order in which energy passes through living organisms

Question 11

What is the initial and ultimate source of energy?

Answer 11

Sun

Question 12

What is a producer

Answer 12

Plant that makes food by PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Question 13

What is a primary consumer

Answer 13

An animal that feeds on a plant

Question 14

What is a secondary consumer

Answer 14

An Animal that feeds on a primary Consumer

Question 15

What is Tertiary Consumer

Answer 15

Animal that feeds on Secondary consumer

Question 16

What Trophic Level is a Producer?

Answer 16

Level 1

Question 17

What Trophic Level in a Tertiary Consumer

Answer 17

Level 4

Question 18

Explain Decomposition

Answer 18

Waste materials from living organisms and dead plants and animals are broken down by decomposers.
Decomposition breaks organic matter into simpler products
As the decomposers break them down, they respire and release carbon dioxide into atmosphere

Question 19

Explain the decomposing action of Bacteria and Fungi

Answer 19

Saprophytic Bacteria secrete(release) digestive enzymes onto decaying material

These enzymes break down the decaying organic material(extracellular Digestion)

The soluble products of digestion are absorbed into he fungi and bacteria

Question 20

What are the microorganisms responsible for decomposition of decayed material to form nutrients

Answer 20

Saprophytic (decomposing) fungi and bacteria

Question 21

What does decomposition form

Answer 21

Humus
The part of the soil in whcih plants grow

Question 22

What are the optimum conditions required for Decomposition

Answer 22

Adequate Moisture
Warm Temperature
Oxygen

Question 23

Processes involved in Carbon Cycle

Answer 23

Photosynthesis
feeding
respiration
decomposition
fossillation
combustion

Question 24

Explain Feeding

Answer 24

Animals consuming plants and carbon from the plants

Question 25

How can Plants absorb Nitrogen

Answer 25

Plants can only absorb nitrogen in the form of Nitrates

Question 26

Explain Nitrogen Fixation

Answer 26

Nitrogen gas is converted into nitrates . This is carried out by nitrogen fixing bacteria.(found in root nodules) Nitrogen fixing bacteria need oxygen as they are aerobic

Question 27

Optimum Conditions for Nitrogen Fixation

Answer 27

Oxygen(aerobic) High Temperatures

Question 28

Explain Decomposition in Nitrogen Cycle

Answer 28

Bacteria/fungi break down protein found in dead plants and animals into ammonia.

Question 29

Explain Nitrification

Answer 29

Ammonia is converted into nitrates. This is carried out by nitrifying bacteria. .

Question 30

Optimum Condition for Nitrification

Answer 30

Nitrifying bacteria needs oxygen as they are aerobic. This process is quickened by the presence of oxygen and higher temperatures

Question 31

Explain Denitrification

Answer 31

Nitrates are converted into nitrogen gas.This is carried out by denitrifying bacteria. Happens in Waterlogged Soil

Question 32

Conditions for Denitrification

Answer 32

Do not need oxygen as they are anerobic

Question 33

Define Active Uptake

Answer 33

The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to and area of high concentration using energy from respiration

Question 34

Explain How Active Uptake Occurs

Answer 34

Nitrates are absorbed by plants through specially adapted cells called root hair cells(by having an extended shape,increasing surface area), through process of Active Uptake, which requires energy from respiration Plants use these nitrates to make amino acids and proteins , which are then transferred into the food chain

Question 35

Define Eutrophication

Answer 35

Eutrophication is a type of water pollution caused by the addition of sewage or fertiliser.

Question 36

Explain the Process of Eutrophication

Answer 36

Fertilizers run of the land into the water and increases nitrate concentration of the water Leads to an Increase in Growth fo Aquatic Plants When these plants die, a large population of bacteria is needed to decompose the dead plants These bacterial use up all the oxygen as they respire aerobicall This reduced the oxygen for fish and other aquatic animals causing them to die