Ecology Flashcards

Question

What are structural adaptations?

Answer 1

Structural adaptations are adaptations of body shape or body structure.

Answer 2

+HUMP ON BACK =to store fat (thermal insulator) by storing fat in one place of the body removes heat from other parts of the body. +THICK COAT =on the upper surface of the body to insulate heat of the sun and reduces water loss from sweating +LEATHERY MOUTH = to chew desert plants which often have thorns +LONG EYELASHES = to keep dust out of their eyes +ABILITY TO CLOSE NOSTRILS = to keep dust out of their nose +WIDE FEET = to prevent camels from sinking into the sand +RELEASES CONCENTRATED URINE AND DRY FAECES = to reduce water loss

Answer 3

+NOCTURNAL = active at night avoiding the heat of the daytime +LIVE IN BURROWS UNDERGROUND = keeps them cool and protects them from predators.

Answer 4

Producer - primary consumer - secondary consumer - tertiary consumer

Answer 5

+VERY THICK FUR = provides insulations and reduces heat loss to the air +FUR ON THE SOLES OF THEIR FEET = reduces heat loss to the ice and the snow +SMALL EARS = reduces surface area reducing heat loss +COAT = provide effective camouflage which is useful to hunt

Answer 6

-photosynthetic organisms are the producers of biomass for life on Earth. -All food chains begin with a producer which synthesises molecules. This is usually a green plant or alga which makes glucose by photosynthesis.

Answer 7

+SMALL LEAVES = to reduce water loss +NO LEAVES AT ALL JUST SPINES = to protect against animals +EXTENSIVE AND SHALLOW ROOTS = catch as much water as possible after rainfall +CAN STORE WATER IN THEIR STEM

Answer 8

measure the population size of a common species in a habitat.

Answer 9

Organism adapted to live in very extreme conditions.

Answer 10

-Random sampling -Transect sampling

Answer 11

Bacteria living in deep sea vents are extremophiles.

Answer 12

PRODUCER - PRIMARY CONSUMERS - SECONDARY CONSUMERS - TERTIARY CONSUMER

Answer 13

-They synthesis complex molecules -This is usually a green plant or alga which makes glucose by photosynthesis. -Sources of all biomass

Answer 14

Sampling. There are 2 ways of doing it: -RANDOM SAMPLING -SAMPLING ALONG A TRANSECT

Answer 15

Random sampling is used to compare the numbers of organisms in different areas.

Answer 16

Plants or Slow-moving animals.

Answer 17

1.We collect our quadrat 2. The quadrat is placed at random locations across the area by using random number to select the locations 3. We then count the number of organisms in the quadrat 4.We repeat steps 1,2 and 3 until we have a large number of random locations. {It is very important we place the quadrat a large number of times for more valid results}

Answer 18

total populations size = total area/area sampled X number of organisms of that species counted in the sample

Answer 19

1. We use a transect (usually a tape measure or a piece of rope) 2. We then use a quadrat to count the number of organisms at intervals along the transect 3. We keep doing this as we move further inland 4.Do this a number of times to get valid results moving the transect along horizontally

Answer 20

1. We place 2 tape measure at right angles that should be 20m in length 2. We then need 2 bags that contain the number 1 to 20 3. The group is in group of 3. Person 1 grabs a number from the bag. Imagine its 8m. So they move to 8m point of one of the tape measures 4. Person 2 grabs a number from the other bag. And they move to that point in the tape measure. Imagine it 12 5. Then person 3 place the quadrat on the ground at the 8m by 12m point 6. they then record the number of organism in that quadrat they are investigating 7. The student return their number back to the bag and repeat this process multiple of time to receive valid results 8. They collect the amount of that specific organism they found altogether and estimate the total population of daises in the whole field 9. That formula is: total populations size = total area/area sampled X number of organisms of that species counted in the sample

Answer 21

1. We need to use a transect line. 2. Lets say we were measuring light intensity then we use a light meter

Answer 22

We simply add up all the number together and divide by the number of number their are.

Answer 23

Order the numbers from lowest to highest. Then select the middle number.

Answer 24

Find the number that appears the most.

Answer 25

1. It first starts with the CO2 in the atmosphere 2. Carbon can only enter the carbon cycle by photosynthesis 3. Respiration which returns carbon back to the atmosphere

Answer 26

1. Carbon is take from the atmosphere for photosynthesis by PLANTS and ALGAE. That carbon is used for carbohydrates, fats and protein. {Some plants respire so some carbon is released back into the atmosphere as CO2 2.Plants and algae are eaten by animals and the animals are eaten by animals. So the carbon in the plants are now part of the carbohydrates. Just like plants, animals respire and this causes the carbon to go back to the atmosphere 3. Animals release waste products like faeces which have carbon in them. 4. Eventually all plants and animals will die. Their dead remains and waste products are broken down by decomposing microorganism for example bacteria and fungi. And when decomposers carry out respiration that carbon is released back into the atmosphere as CO2

Answer 27

Decomposers are extremely important as they cycle materials through an ecosystem. Return carbon as CO2 back to the atmosphere Release mineral ions to the soil

Answer 28

Because of certain conditions like lack of oxygen. If this happens, then the carbon in dead remains can slowly be converted to fossil fuels.

Answer 29

Humans burn huge amounts of fossil fuels for example coal and oil. COMBUSTION of the fossil fuels is releasing the CO2 back to the atmosphere.

Answer 30

1. Almost all of the water on Earth are found in the ocean this is called salt water. Energy from the sun causes water to evaporate from the surface of the sea. 2.Water vapour then travels into the air and cools down. {CONDENSATION}. To form clouds. 3. Water in the clouds falls to the ground as {PRECIPITATIONS} ALL FORMS OF PRECIPITAIONS CONTAIN FRESH WATER AND NOT ANY SALT 3.As the water hits the ground so of it evaporates back into water vapour. However some water passes through the rocks and for AQUIFERS. Or lots of the water turns into rivers or streams

Answer 31

1. Plants take up water from the roots. This water moves up the plant in the xylem and passes out of the leaves through the stomata as water vapour. {TRANSPIRATION} 2. Animals take in water through drinking and in their food. They then release in their urine, faeces and when they exhale.

Answer 32

Biodiversity is the variety of all the different species of organisms on earth, or within an ecosystem.

Answer 33

It means there are a lot of different species and this makes an eco system more stable. Because this makes the eco system less dependant on one species. So if the level of a species fall it is less likely that it will effect the entire eco system.

Answer 34

-Tropical forests contain a lot of biodiversity. However large areas of these forest are being destroyed to provide land. WHY IS THAT LAND USED? -For rice fields -Grazing cattle -Gro crops for biofuels

Answer 35

Destroying habitats Reducing oxygen levels Disrupting food chains

Answer 36

Water pollution Air pollution Land pollution

Answer 37

Melting ice caps Extreme weather Changes in migration & breeding

Answer 38

Rapid growth in the human population and an increase in the standard of living mean that increasingly more resources are used and more waste is produced.

Answer 39

-from sewage =cause dissolved oxygen levels to fall which kills aquatic organisms -fertiliser = cause dissolved oxygen levels to fall which kills aquatic organisms -toxic chemicals = released into water and sea killing aquatic organisms THJIS ENTITERLY REDUCES BIODIVERSITY IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

Answer 40

-from acidic gases = causes acid rain -from smoke = air pollution that kills plants and animals

Answer 41

-landfill = destroys habitats -toxic chemicals = leach out of landfills and pollute the soil or sometime directly dumped onto the land

Answer 42

Humans reduce the amount of land available for other animals and plants by building, quarrying, farming and dumping waste.

Answer 43

-Peat bogs and lands contain large amounts of dead plant materials. -Conditions in the peat mean that decay is very slow which means they contain large amounts of carbon. So then they use that to make cheap compost or burned to generate electricity. -The destruction of peat bogs and lands is reducing the area of this habitat reducing biodiversity. After all of this they begin to decay releasing CO2 into the atmosphere.

Answer 44

Its expensive. So if farmers use it then this increases the price of food.

Answer 45

-Loss of habitats = reduction of ice levels in the artic -Migration = Animals like birds and insects gradually extend their range upwards north to cooler conditions

Answer 46

Scientific papers checked by other scientists before published. This helps check for false claims and that the research published is valid.

Answer 47

-Breeding programs = for endangered species -Protection and regeneration of rare habitats -Field margins = Farmers leave strip of land around the fields -Hedgerows= hedgerows between fields -Government = reinforce restrictions and laws -Individuals = recycling waste materials. Less waste in landfills

Ecology Flashcards

(73 cards)