Ecology

Question 1

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 1

Non-living and living organisms living in a habitat

Question 2

What are the 3 diferent levels of organisation?

Answer 2

☆Individual organisms
☆Populations (groups of the sane species)
☆Communities (many populations living together)

Question 3

What is a population?

Answer 3

Groups of the sane species

Question 4

What is a community?

Answer 4

Many populations living together

Question 5

What do plants compete for?

Answer 5

Light, water, space, mineral ions from soil

Question 6

What do animals compete for?

Answer 6

Food, mates, territory

Question 7

What is interdependence?

Answer 7

Where organisms rely on each other for certain resources

Question 8

What are some examples of interdependence factors?

Answer 8

Food, shelter, pollination, seed dispersal

Question 9

Why does interdependence cause problems?

Answer 9

If one species is removed it can affect the whole community

Question 10

Define stable community?

Answer 10

All species and environmental factors in balance so population sizes stay constant

Question 11

What are some examples of stable communities?

Answer 11

♡Tropic rainforest
♡Oak woodlands

Question 12

What are the two factors that can affect communities?

Answer 12

Abiotic and biotic

Question 13

What is biotic?

Answer 13

Living (b for bacteria that is living)

Question 14

Give some examples of biotic factors?

Answer 14

Availability of food, predators, pathogens

Question 15

What is abiotic?

Answer 15

Non- living

Question 16

What are some abiotic factors?

Answer 16

Light intensity, temperature, moisture levels, soil ph, CO2 levels (for plants), O2 levels (aquatic)

Question 17

What are adaptations?

Answer 17

Features

Question 18

What do organisms have which allows them to live in their normal conditions?

Answer 18

Adaptations

Question 19

What are some examples of adaptations?

Answer 19

Structural (giraffes long neck) , functional (camels store fat in hump), behavioural (wolves in a pack to hunt)

Question 20

What are extremophiles?

Answer 20

Organisms that live in extreme environments

Question 21

What are some extreme conditions where extremophiles live?

Answer 21

•High temp
•High pressure
•High salt concentration

Question 22

An example of an extremophile?

Answer 22

Bacteria living in deep sea vents

Question 23

Whst is an adaptation of bacteria that live in high temps?

Answer 23

Have enzymes very resistant to denaturing

Question 24

What are decomposers?

Answer 24

Organisms that break down dead material

Question 25

What are some types of decomposes?

Answer 25

Types of bacteria and fungi

Question 26

What do decomposes need to break down waste?

Answer 26

Oxygen, moisture, suitable temp+ph

Question 27

How do decomposers break down dead waste?

Answer 27

Secrete enzymes which partly digest the waste, then take up the small,soluble food molecules

Question 28

What is compost used as?

Answer 28

A natural fertiliser

Question 29

What is produced when waste in broken down aerobically?

Answer 29

Methane gas

Question 30

How is methane gas produced?

Answer 30

When waste is broken down aerobically

Question 31

Why are biogas generators useful?

Answer 31

They produce biogas from waste to use as fuels

Question 32

What is the carbon cycle?

Answer 32

How carbon is recycled in nature

Question 33

How does the carbon cycle work?

Answer 33

Needs decomposers to return carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through respiration

Question 34

What is the water cycle? 💧

Answer 34

How fresh water circulates between living organisms, rivers and the sea

Question 36

What is the food chain order?

Answer 36

•Producer •Primary consumer •Secondary consumer •Teritary consumer •Apex predator (Polly produced seventy two answers)

Question 37

What is the function of producers?

Answer 37

To make molecules

Question 38

What is an example of a producer?

Answer 38

Usually a green plant which makes glucose molecules by photosynthesis

Question 39

What are producers eaten by?

Answer 39

Primary consumers

Question 40

What is each of the feeding levels called?

Answer 40

A trophic level

Question 41

What are trophic levels?

Answer 41

Each of the feeding levels (producer, primary consumer etc)

Question 42

What are prey?

Answer 42

They are eaten by others

Question 44

What are predators?

Answer 44

They eat other

Question 45

What is the name given to the top consumers?

Answer 45

Apex predators

Question 46

What are apex predators?

Answer 46

Carnivores with no predators

Question 47

What are predator-prey graphs?

Answer 47

Show how im a stable community the numbers of prey and predators fall and rise

Question 48

What happens in predator-prey graphs? (Population changes)

Answer 48

Both lines follow the same pattern but the changes in predator numbers happen just after the changes in prey

Question 49

Why are crisp packet filled with nitrogen and not air?

Answer 49

Because it preserves the crisps as decomposers need oxygen

Question 50

Define biodiversity?

Answer 50

Variety of all the different species of organism on earth

Question 51

Why is high biodiversity important?

Answer 51

It helps ecosystems to be stable because species depend on each other

Question 52

What are some factors that put biodiversity at risk?

Answer 52

~Availability of water ~Temperature ~Atmospheric gases

Question 53

What are the factors that put biodiversity at risk due to?

Answer 53

•Season changes •Geographic activity (storms +🌋) •Human interaction

Question 54

How can pollution occur in water?

Answer 54

From sewage, fertilisers or toxic chemicals. Fertilisers can be washed of land in water

Question 55

How can pollution occur in air?

Answer 55

From gases like sulfur dioxide which dissolves in moisture to produce acid rain

Question 56

How does pollution occur on land?

Answer 56

From landfill and toxic chemicals like pesticides

Question 57

What do peat bogs contain?

Answer 57

Large amounts of dead plant material

Question 58

Is decay fast in peat bogs?

Answer 58

No due to the conditions in peat

Question 59

What gas do peat bogs have trapped in them?

Answer 59

Large amount of carbon due to the slow decay

Question 60

What is peat used for?

Answer 60

Used as cheap compost and burned to generate electricity (which releases CO2)

Question 61

What is a problem which destroying peat bogs? (Habitat)

Answer 61

Reduces the peat bog habitat which reduces biodiversity

Question 62

What is s big problem with peat bogs? (CO2)

Answer 62

Once it's extracted and used for compost it begins to decay releasing large amounts of CO2

Question 63

What is a disadvantage of not using peat bogs?

Answer 63

More costly to use alternatives

Question 64

Why has deforestation occurred?

Answer 64

To provide land for cattle+rice fields which provides food. Grow crops so biofuels cab be produced

Question 65

What are some ways of conserving biodiversity?

Answer 65

♡Breeding programmes for endangered species ♡Recycling rather than landfill ♡Protecting rare habitats:coral reefs and mangroves