ecology

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Evolution is a change in the inherit characteristics of a population over time through a process of natural selection which results in the formation of a new species

Question 2

What is variation caused by

Answer 2

the genes they have inherited (genetic causes)
the conditions in which they have developed (environmental causes)
a combination of genes and the environment.
Mutations

Question 3

How does evolution by natural selection occur

Answer 3

That there is variation between organisms (may be caused by new mutations)
The best adapted have an advantage
These organisms are more likely to survive and reproduce
The pass on the useful alleles to offspring
The useful characteristic becomes more common in the population

Question 4

Characteristics which are hoped to be passed on after selective breeding

Answer 4

Disease resistance in food crops.
Animals which produce more meat or milk.
Domestic dogs with a gentle nature.
Large or unusual flowers.

Question 5

What is genetic engineering

Answer 5

modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism to give a desired characteristic

Question 6

Genetically modified crops

Answer 6

Crops that have had their genes modified in this way are called genetically modified (GM) crops. GM crops include ones that are resistant to insect attack or to herbicides. GM crops generally show increased yields

Question 7

GM crops negatives

Answer 7

effect on populations of wild flowers and insects. Some people feel the effects of eating GM crops on human health have not been fully explored.

Question 8

Genetic engineering stages

Answer 8

• enzymes are used to isolate the required gene; this gene is inserted into a vector, usually a bacterial plasmid or a virus
• the vector is used to insert the gene into the required cells
• genes are transferred to the cells of animals, plants or microorganisms at an early stage in their development so that they develop with desired characteristics.

Question 9

classification

Answer 9

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

“Katy Perry Comes Over For Grape Soda”

Question 10

Domains

Answer 10

Archaea (primitive bacteria usually living in extreme environments)
Bacteria (true bacteria)
Eukaryota (which includes protists, fungi, plants and animals).