Ecology

Question 1

Hydrogen bond

Answer 1

Hydrogen bonds because of polar molecules

Question 2

properties of water

Answer 2

Adhesion, Cohesion, and surface tension

Question 3

Adhesion

Answer 3

ability to cling onto a surface/object

Question 4

Cohesion

Answer 4

ability for particles to stay together

Question 5

surface tension

Answer 5

ability for a liquid to resist an external force

Question 6

CHONPS

Answer 6

• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
• structure and function of biological molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 7

carbohydrates

Answer 7

Monomer: monosacharides (glucose, fructose)
disacharides (sucrose, lactose)
Function: energy storage
Reaction: dehydration synthesis
Functional group: hydroxyl group (-OH), Carbonyl group (C=O)

Question 8

Proteins

Answer 8

Monomer: amino acids
Polypeptides
Function: enzymatic activity, structural support, transport signaling
Reaction: dehydration synthesis
Functional group: amino group (-NH2), Carboxyl group (-COOH)

Question 9

Lipids

Answer 9

monomers: glycerol/fatty acids
phospholipids
dominant function: long term energy storage
reaction: dehydration synthesis (ester bonds)
Hydroxyl groups
Carboxyl groups
Phosphate groups

Question 10

Nucleic acids

Answer 10

Monomers: nucleotides (ribose, deoxyribose)
RNA, DNA
store/ transmit genetic information
dehydration synthesis- phosphodiester bonds

Question 11

Food web

Answer 11

interconnected feeding relationships within an ecosystem

Question 12

primary producer

Answer 12

bottom of the food chain usually photosynthetic organisms

Question 13

Primary consumer

Answer 13

consumes the primary producer

Question 14

secondary consumer

Answer 14

usually carnivore which eats the primary consumer

Question 15

apex predator

Answer 15

highest level of consumer in the ecosystem

Question 16

herbivore

Answer 16

only consumes plants

Question 17

carnivore

Answer 17

only consumes meat

Question 18

omnivore

Answer 18

consumes both meat and plants

Question 19

Trophic levels

Answer 19

position of an organism in a food chain, showing its feeding behavior and energy source

Question 20

10% rule

Answer 20

When energy is passed through the trophic levels only 10% of the energy will be passed on

Question 21

quadrant sampling

Answer 21

• a method used to estimate population sizes and distribution of organisms within a specific area
  -Density= # of organisms/area

Question 22

Capture and release

Answer 22

a method used to estimate the size of a population by capturing, marking, and then releasing a portion of the population, and later recapturing a sample to see how many are marked

Question 23

ecosystems

Answer 23

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

Question 24

habitat

Answer 24

the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism

Question 25

population

Answer 25

amount of inhabitants in a specific space

Question 26

species

Answer 26

different variation of plants or animals

Question 27

predation

Answer 27

action of one animal attacking/preying on another animal

Question 28

competition

Answer 28

between different animals who have the same food source which may lead to competition in predation between the 2

Question 29

mutualism

Answer 29

Relationship between 2 species where both species are positively affected by the other

Question 30

commensalism

Answer 30

Symbiotic relationship where one specie is positively affected and the other is not impacted

Question 31

parasitism

Answer 31

a relationship where a parasite negatively affects another specie

Question 32

Biome

Answer 32

large, geographically distinct areas characterized by similar climates, vegetation, and animal life

Question 33

climate

Answer 33

long-term, average weather conditions of a particular place or region, typically measured over a 30-year period

Question 34

biotic factors

Answer 34

living organisms plants, animals, bacteria

Question 35

abiotic factors

Answer 35

non living organisms temperature, water, sunlight

Question 36

foundation species

Answer 36

species that have a strong role in structuring a community

Question 37

keystone species

Answer 37

species that have a large impact to an ecosystem regarding its abundance

Question 38

trophic cascades

Answer 38

describes the indirect effects a predator has on a prey's prey, affecting the entire food web

Question 39

invasive species

Answer 39

Species that don't belong to an ecosystem however once added to an ecosystem causes harm and damage

Question 40

Density

Answer 40

the number of people per unit area, like per square kilometer

Question 41

dispersion

Answer 41

the pattern in which organisms in the population live in relation to each other

Question 42

clumped

Answer 42

clusters of species ex: schools of fish

Question 43

uniform

Answer 43

spread evenly

Question 44

random

Answer 44

unpredictable

Question 45

Density dependent

Answer 45

factors whose effects on the population increase or decrease depending on population density

Question 46

density independent

Answer 46

factors that affect population size regardless of its density

Question 47

survivorship curve

Answer 47

Question 48

age structure graph

Answer 48