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Grade 9 science > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

0
Q

Abiotic

A

Nonliving physical and chemical components of an ecosystem

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1
Q

Biotic

A

Living things, there remains and factors

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2
Q

List 3 examples of a biotic thing

A

Fish, trees, bird

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3
Q

List three examples of an abiotic object

A

Rock, soil, water

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4
Q

Habitat

A

Places where a species can live

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5
Q

Niche

A

The organisms place in the food web, it’s habitat, breeding area, and active time of day

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6
Q

Producer / autotroph

A

Organisms that produce its own food using energy from the sun through the process of photosynthesis

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7
Q

Consumer / heterotrophy

A

Organisms that obtains it’s energy by feeding on other organisms

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8
Q

Herbivore

A

Feeds on plants only

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9
Q

Carnivore

A

Feeds on other animals only

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10
Q

Omnivore

A

Feeds on both plants and animals

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11
Q

Decomposer

A

Breaks down dead organic matter but does not physically eat it

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12
Q

Detritivore

A

Feeds on small amounts of dead and decaying matter

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13
Q

Scavenger

A

Eats large amounts of dead organic matter

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14
Q

List the biological organization (/10)

A

Cell-> tissue-> organ-> organ system-> organism-> population-> community-> ecosystem-> biome-> biosphere

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15
Q

Sustainable ecosystem

A

An ecosystem that is able to maintain natural ecological conditions or processes without interruption, weakening, or loss of value in the long term

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16
Q

All energy that flows through ecosystems originates in the what? Two processes are responsible for converting this energy:

A

Sun
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration

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17
Q

Photosynthesis:

________ + carbon dioxide + ______ ——> ________ + ________

A

Energy, water, oxygen and glucose

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18
Q

Photosynthesis done only done by what?

A

Green plants

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19
Q

Photosynthesis traps the energy from the sun as _____ Energy stored in the chemical bonds of ______ molecules

A

Chemical

Sugar

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20
Q

Cellular respiration:

______+______———> carbon dioxide + _____+_____

A

Glucose, oxygen, water, energy

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21
Q

Respiration used by ____ organisms to release _____ from food

A

All , energy

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22
Q

Food chains represent the flow of a what in an ecosystem?

A

Energy

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23
Q

All food chain start with what which obtain its energy from the what?

A

Producer

Sun

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24
Q

All other organisms in a food chain are _____since they must eat other _____ to obtain their energy

A

Consumers

Organisms

25
Q

Trophic level

A

Describes how high on the food chain an organism is

26
Q

Organisms in the food chain are independent, which means that changes at one level of the food chain can affect other organisms at what?

A

Other levels

27
Q

A group of interlinking food change that represent the flow of energy and then ecosystem is called what?

A

A food web

28
Q

Food pyramids

A

Methods of graphically and quantitatively representing the feeding relations in the food chain

29
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

Shows the number of organisms at each trophic level and gives that indication how many organisms are required to sustain the organisms in the levels above

30
Q

Pyramid of biomass- shows the total ____ ____ present at each level

A

Dry mass

31
Q

Pyramid of energy

A

Shows the energy contact of all organisms at each level

32
Q

Energy content of organisms at ___ tropic levels is always ____ than that at the lower levels

A

Upper

Less

33
Q

Organisms at each level use up about ____% of the energy from their foods for for what?

A

90%

Life functions

34
Q

Only ___% if the energy is stored in their tissues and can be passed on to the next _____ level

A

10%

Tropic

35
Q

From food _____ we know that on each tropic level there are fewer organisms

A

Pyramid

36
Q

Since the higher up the food chain you go the fewer organisms there are, the top what end up accumulating ____ chemicals in their bodies.

A

Predators, most

37
Q

DDT (_____ commonly used prior to 1972)

  • human ______
  • causes ____ and _____ system damage
A

Pesticide
Carcinogen
Liver & reproductive

38
Q

PCB’s (commonly used as coolants in industry)

  • human ______
  • causes _____ damage
  • significant pollutant in the _____ ______
A

Carcinogen
Liver
Great Lakes

39
Q

Mercury

  • damages the ____ system
  • it’s organic form called methyl mercury has been shown to bioaccumulate in large ____
A

Nervous

Fish

40
Q

Ecosystem

A

Community together with all the abiotic factors that influence it

41
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All water on earth

42
Q

Lithosphere

A

Top layer of the earth

43
Q

Community

A

All the populations of different organisms that make up an ecosystem

44
Q

Population

A

All the individuals of the same species that live in a given area

45
Q

Biosphere

A

All the living parts of the earth together

46
Q

Biome

A

A large geographical area with similar climate and vegetation

47
Q

Atmosphere

A

The air in a biosphere

48
Q

Bioamplification is the process by which increasing amounts of a _____ chemical are accumulated in the bodies if consumers that are ____ ____ on the food chain.

A

Toxic

Higher up

49
Q

Biodiversity is the number of _____ in an _____

A

Species

Ecosystem

50
Q

Biotic potential

A

A measure of how fast a species can increase its population

51
Q

Carrying capacity for a particular species varies from ______ to ______ depending the factors listed above

A

Ecosystem to ecosystem

52
Q

Competition occurs when two species rely on the same _____ or _____ ______ and thus compete for it

A

Habitat or food source

53
Q

Predation is a relationship between two _____ in which one of them acts as a predator that captures and feeds on the other organism that serves a a the ____.

A

Species

Prey

54
Q

The law of tolerance is when a organism can survive with a certain range of that _____ factor

A

Abiotic

55
Q

Exotic (invasive) species

A

An organism that is not native and has a negative impact of an ecosystem

56
Q

Closed system

A

An ecosystem that does not welcome new species

57
Q

What does a pyramid showing numbers look like?

A

Line, box, box, line

58
Q

What does a pyramid if biomass look like?

A

Box, smaller box, smaller box, line

59
Q

What does a pyramid of energy look like?

A

Box, smaller box, smaller box…. Line

60
Q

Explain how a population grows

A

It starts low then increases to it’s carrying capacity (rapid growth) and goes slowly up and down around there

Grade 9 science (3 decks)

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