Ecology

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

Is the study how living things relate to each other and to their environment

Question 2

Community

Answer 2

All the plants and animals living in a particular place

Question 3

Ecosystem

Answer 3

A community of living organisms interacting with one another and their non living environment within a particular arar

Question 4

Biosphere

Answer 4

Is that part of the earth I habituated by living organisms

Question 5

Population

Answer 5

A group of organisms of the same species

Question 6

Habitat

Answer 6

Is the place within the ecosystem where an organism lives and where it is adapted

Question 7

Abiotic factors

Answer 7

Non living factors

Temp, light intensity, PH, air speed, water current

Question 8

Biotic factors

Answer 8

Living factors

Plants for food and shelter, predators, decomposers, prey, pollinators

Question 9

Climatic factors

Answer 9

Weather conditions

Temp, rainfall, humidity, wind, day length

Question 10

Edaphic

Answer 10

Soil

Soil type, soil PH, mineral content

Question 11

Aquatic factors

Answer 11

Light penetration, wave action, currents

Question 12

Sun

Answer 12

Primary source of energy

Question 13

Energy flow

Answer 13

The pathway of energy transfer from one organism to the next in an ecosystem due to feeding

Question 14

Feeding

Answer 14

Allows energy to glow from one organism to another

Question 15

Food chain

Answer 15

Is a feeding relationship between organism through which energy can flow

Question 16

Grazing food chain

Answer 16

One where the initial plant is living

Grass–>grasshoppers–>frogs–>hawks

Question 17

Detritus food chain

Answer 17

Is one where the chain begins with dead organic matter and animal waste

Question 18

Food web

Answer 18

A set of interconnecting food chains in a habitat

Question 19

Producers

Answer 19

Are organisms capable of making their own food by photosynthesis

Question 20

Primary producers

Answer 20

The first members of a food chain

Question 21

Consumers

Answer 21

Are organisms that feed on other organisms

Question 22

Consumers

Answer 22

Primary feed on producers
Secondary feed on primary
Tertiary feed on secondary

Question 23

Tropic level

Answer 23

Position of an organism in a food chain

Question 24

Pyramid of numbers

Answer 24

A diagram that represents the numbers of organism of each tropic level in a food chain

Question 25

Niche

Answer 25

The functional rate or an organism in an ecosystem

Question 26

Nutrient recycling

Answer 26

The way in which dead matter is broken down so that minerals in it are returned to the environment to be used again by new growing organisms in a continuous cycle

Question 27

Role of bacteria in nitrogen cycle

Answer 27

Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas into nitrates Bacteria involved in decomposition convert nitrogen containing compounds into ammonia Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia and nitrites and nitrates

Question 28

Population

Answer 28

All the individuals of the same species living in a habitat

Question 29

Factors that control population

Answer 29

Competition Predation Parasitism Symbiosis

Question 30

Competition

Answer 30

Is when organisms 'fight' for the same resource which is in limited supply

Question 31

Type of competition

Answer 31

Contest | Scramble

Question 32

Contest competition

Answer 32

An active physical confrontation between two organisms where one wins the resource

Question 33

Scramble competition

Answer 33

Is where each organism tries to acquire as much as the resource as possible, all individuals get some of the resource

Question 34

Predator

Answer 34

An animal that catches kills and eats other animals

Question 35

Prey

Answer 35

Is the organism that a predator kills for food

Question 36

Effects of predation

Answer 36

Predation stabilised the community Predators control the number of herbivores and prevent overgrazing Predators eliminate less well adapted prey

Question 37

Predator adaptions

Answer 37

Good sighting/ sense of smell- enables predators to locate prey -hawk Mouthparts- suited to catching certain prey-ladybird Camouflage-to conceal predator while hunting Migration- to find food which is in short supply Ability to change diet- in the event of reduced numbers of prey

Question 38

Symbiosis

Answer 38

Where individuals of one species live near on or in individuals of another species for at least part of their life cycle

Question 39

Commensalism

Answer 39

Where one organism benefits from the relationship but has no effect on the other species Eg nest in trees

Question 40

Mutualism

Answer 40

where both types of organism in a relationship benefit from it Eg lichen an alga and a fungus

Question 41

Parasite

Answer 41

An organism that lives on or in another loving organism from which it obtains all its nutrition to the detriment of the host

Question 42

Host

Answer 42

The organism that a parasite lives on or in

Question 43

Exoparasites

Answer 43

Parasites outside of body

Question 44

Endoparasite

Answer 44

Parasite inside the body

Question 45

Population dynamics

Answer 45

Refers to the factors that cause changed to the numbers in a population

Question 46

Factors contribute to predator-prey relationships

Answer 46

Availability and abundance of food | Movement if prey and predators

Question 47

Factors affecting human population

Answer 47

Famine War Disease Contraception

Question 48

Famine

Answer 48

Lack of food leads to malnutrition and death due to disease | Move about food distribution then food shortage

Question 49

Disease

Answer 49

Advances in disease control have helped reduce the death rate and increase human numbers Vaccines Antibiotics

Question 50

War

Answer 50

Reduces population | Temporary effects

Question 51

Contraception

Answer 51

Incred availability has reduced birth rates since 1960s

Question 52

Human impact on an Eco system beneficial: agriculture

Answer 52

Increased food production Breeding genetic engineering of new species Pest resistant crops

Question 53

Human impact on an Eco system beneficial: health +medicine

Answer 53

Improved foot preparation Better water quality Improved sewage

Question 54

Human impact on an Eco system beneficial: transport+communication

Answer 54

Tech has improved availability of info - weather - oil pollution - animal migration

Question 55

Human impact on an Eco system harmful: pollution

Answer 55

Transport Electricity generation Poor waste disposal

Question 56

Human impact on an Eco system harmful: shortage of certain resources

Answer 56

Answer^

Question 57

Human impact on an Eco system harmful: extinction of some species

Answer 57

^answer

Question 58

Pollution

Answer 58

Putting any substance into the environment that is harmful to life

Question 59

Pollutant

Answer 59

Substance which when out into the environment causes pollution

Question 60

Waste management

Answer 60

``` Problems with waste disposal Spreads disease Contaminated water supplies Eutrophication Land fill sites ```

Question 61

Eutrophication

Answer 61

Is the over enrichment of water with nutrients

Question 62

Conservation

Answer 62

Protection and wise management of our environment

Question 63

Benefits of conservation

Answer 63

Existing environments are maintained Endangered species are preserved Balance of nature is maintained Pollution and its effects are reduced

Question 64

decomposers

Answer 64

Break down matter in landfill site

Question 65

Mixed farming

Answer 65

Is a farming system where both are arable and pastoral farming is carried out

Question 66

Climate

Answer 66

Long term prevailing conditions

Question 67

Weather

Answer 67

Short term atmospheric conditions