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Ecology Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Ecology

A

The study plants,animals and their environment, and the relationship between them

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2
Q

Environment

A

Is everything that surrounds an animal or plant

For example:air, water, rocks

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3
Q

Habitat

A

The place where a plant or animal lives

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4
Q

Community

A

Is all the different populations that live in the habitat

For example: hedgehogs, snails, foxes and primroses belong to the woodland community

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5
Q

Interdependence

A

Is how organisms depend on each other for their survival

For example: buttercups depend on bees for food, bees need buttercups for pollination

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6
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the plants and animals in area interacting with each other and their environment
For example:desert, tropical rainforest, grasslands, seashore

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7
Q

Biome

A

An ecosystem that extends over a very large area

For example: rainforest

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8
Q

Biosphere

A

All of the earths ecosystems together form one large ecosystem

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9
Q

Producer

A

Plants that make their own food

E.G grass

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10
Q

Consumer

A

Animals they get their food by eating plants or other animals

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11
Q

Herbivore

A

An animal that eats plants only

E.g rabbit, sheep, slug, snail

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12
Q

Carnivore

A

An animal that eats other animals

E.g fox, hawk, ladybird

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13
Q

Food chain

A

Shows how one organism eats another and so on

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14
Q

Feeding level

A

The position of an organism in the food chain

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15
Q

Amount of energy

A

The amount of energy gets less and less as you go along the food chain

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16
Q

Food Web

A

Is two or more interconnected food chains

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17
Q

Competition

A

Occurs when two or more organisms seek a resource that is limited
Plants compete for light, water, minerals and space
Animals compete for food, shelter and mates

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18
Q

Adaptations

A

Are features that give an organism a better chance of surviving in their habitat

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19
Q

Dandelion adaptation

A

The dandelion has a long root which means it reaches below the short root of grass to get water
Dandelions are able to compete for space because they are able to spread their seeds in the wind

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20
Q

Hedgehog adaptation

A

Hedgehogs have an excellent sense of smell to make them good at finding food
Hedgehogs have spikes to fight if predators
Hedgehogs have a colour which makes them camouflaged so predators can’t find them easily

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21
Q

Abiotic and biotic Factors

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A

Plants and animals are affected by living and non-living factors in their environment
Abiotic- are non-living e.g weather
Biotic- are living e.g .competition, predation, symbols

22
Q

Predation

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A

Controls numbers of organisms in an ecosystem e.g ladybirds eat aphids, lions eat zebras

23
Q

Symbiosis

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A

Is a relationship between organisms of different species where at least one benefits. E.g. cleaner fish eats parasites out of the mouths of eels

24
Q

Population

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A

All of the individual organisms of the same species in a habitat

25
Balance of nature
Over time, the number and types of species in an ecosystem reach a steady state known as the balance of nature
26
Predator
An animal that hunts, kills and eats another animal (prey)
27
Prey
An animal that is hunted, killed and eaten by another animal (predator)
28
Feeding relationship
The way energy and nutrients are passed from one organism to another
29
Biomass
The quantity of matter in an organism
30
Omnivore
Animals that eat both plants and animals
31
Qualatitive survey
A list of the different species in a habitat
32
Quadrat
A square frame made of metal, plastic or wood that is used during quantitative surveys of habitats
33
Identification key
Used to identify an unknown animal or plant during a habitat study
34
Quantitative survey
Numerical data about the species in a habitat
35
Frequency
The percentage chance of a particular species being present in randomly chosen quadrat
36
Percentage cover
The proportion of ground covered by plants or animals. Percentage cover may be calculated during a quantitative of a habitat
37
Distribution
The areas in a habitat where a species is located
38
Line transects
A way of investigating the distribution of a plant species across a habitat. A rope is laid out across the habitat and marked with a knot at every metre. Each knot is checked to see if the species under survey has touched the line transect and the result is recorded
39
Abundance
The number of individuals in a population of a species in a habitat
40
Conservation
Is the protection, preservation and careful use of our natural resources e.g. land and rivers
41
Pollution
Adding unwanted waste to the environment causing damage to it. If one organism is damaged it can be harmful to many other plants and animals
42
Air pollution
Caused by smoke, dust and harmful gasses - most of these come from cars, buses, factories and power stations
43
Fossil fuels
When fossil fuels are burned they produce gasses called carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide
44
Soil pollution
Caused by Pesticides, artificial fertilisers and acid rain
45
Water pollution
Rivers, lakes and seas are polluted by fertilisers, sewage, oil and detergents Fertilisers seep into rivers and cause too much plant growth, bacteria populations boom as they feed on dead plants and no oxygen is left for fish
46
Incineration
Burning the waste, this can release dangerous gasses into the atmosphere, difficulties with location nobody wants to live near an incinerator
47
Landfill
Burying waste in ground-damages soil, rivers and ground water, attracts rodents, disease causing, bad smell, difficulties as nobody wants to live near landfill sites
48
3 R’s
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle to make sure that we do not damage our environment and that future generations will have a nice place to live
49
Reduce
Use your own bag, do not pick the items with extra packaging
50
Recycling
Paper, glass, some metals and plastics can be processed and reused

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