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Biology 9 - Silance > Ecology and Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ecology and Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

Biosphere

A

Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of Earth in which life exists: This includes non-living things

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2
Q

Ecology:

A

The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment

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3
Q

Organisms can ____ to their environments

A

respond

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4
Q

Organisms can also ____ their environments

A

change

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5
Q

Species:

A

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

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6
Q

Population:

A

a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

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7
Q

Community:

A

an assembalge of different populations that live in a defined area

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8
Q

Ecosystem:

A

All the organisms that live in a place, together with their environment.

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9
Q

Biome:

A

a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

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10
Q

Levels of Organizations of Organisms:

A

Species, Populations, Community, Ecosystems, Biomes

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11
Q

Levels of Organizations within ORganisms:

A

Atoms, Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism

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12
Q

Abiotic Factors of an Ecosystem

A

Physical components of an ecosystem

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13
Q

Biotic Factors of an Ecosystem

A

Living components of an ecosystem

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14
Q

Primary Producers:

A

capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and convert it into forms that living cells can use.

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15
Q

Primary Producers are also called:

A

Autotrophs

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16
Q

Primary Producers obtain their energy through:

A

Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis

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17
Q

Photosynthesis:

A

Conversion of carbon dioxide, water, and light-energy into oxygen and glucose

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18
Q

Consumers:

A

are organisms that cannot obtain energy from the sun and get energy from producers.

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19
Q

Consumers are also called

A

Heterotrophs

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20
Q

Regardless of the type of organism, _____ is a necessary process to convert glucose into ATP

A

Cellular Respiration

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21
Q

Cellular Respiration:

A

Glucose and Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide, Water, and ATP

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22
Q

ATP is:

A

The energy that organisms require and utilize to function.

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23
Q

There are ____ types of consumers

A

6

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24
Q

Can organisms be more than one type of consumer?

A

Yes

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25
Carnivores:
Kills and eats other organisms.
26
Herbivores:
kill and eat plants, roots, nuts, seeds, and fruits. (Usually only Primary Producers)
27
Omnivores:
Variety of meat and plants. (Humans)
28
Scavengers:
Consumes carcasses of already killed organisms.
29
Decomposers:
They eat by breaking down organic matter:this makes detritus, which is small remains of dead organisms.
30
Detritivores:
Feeds on detritus particles
31
Niche:
the specific role an organism plays
32
Physical Aspect of Niche
Abiotic Factors in the Ecosystem
33
Biological Aspect of Niche
Biotic Factors in the Ecosystem
34
Competitive Exclusion Principle
No two species can occupy exactly the same niche in exactly the same habitat at exactly the same time.
35
Carrying Capacity:
The maximum number of individuals of a particular species that a particular environment can support
36
Limiting Factor:
Any factor that controls the growth of a population
37
A limiting factor can be ____ or _____
biotic or abiotic
38
Limiting Factors determine the
Carrying capacity of an environment
39
Population Density:
Number of organisms per unit area
40
Density-Dependent Factors
Factors that operate strongly when the population density reaches a certain level. (Competition)
41
Density-Independent Factors
Factors that affect all populations regardless of size. (Weather Disasters)
42
Competition
the interaction between organisms (or species) that strive for the same limited resources in an ecosystem
43
Predator-Prey Relationship:
An interaction in which one animal (the predator) captures and feeds on another animal (the prey).
44
Keystone Species:
A single species that is not usually abundant in a community yet exerts strong control on the structure of a community
45
Invasive Species:
A nonnative species whose introduction causes economic, environmental, or health harm
46
Most Invasive Species are....
carried through trade and travel by humans
47
Symbioses:
Relationships between organisms where nobody dies
48
Mutualism:
A symbiotic relationship where both parties benefit
49
Parasitism
A symbiotic relationship where one party benefits and the other one is impacted negatively
50
Commensalism
A symbiotic relationship where one party benefits and the other one isn't impacted positively nor negatively
51
Energy flows in a _______ through ecosystems
one-way stream
52
That pathway of energy is called...
a food chain
53
A food chain is the...
series of steps in which organisms transfer energy from eating and being eaten
54
A food web is a complex food chain, where
all organisms in it will usually have more than one predator and more than one food source.
55
Trophic Level:
A step/level in a food chain/web
56
The FIRST Trophic Level is always...
A Primary PRoducer
57
Ecological Pyramids...
are how we portray trophic levels, showing the relative amount of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a give chain or web
58
The 3 types of Ecological Pyramids are...
Energy, Biomass, and Numbers
59
Pyramids of Energy...
show the percentage of energy flowing through Trophic Levels
60
Only about ____% of the energy is passed on from one trophic level to the other
10
61
Pyramids of Biomass...
The total amount of living matter in each trophic level
62
Pyramids of Numbers..
The relative amount of organisms ine ach trophic level
63
Biogeochemical Cycle:
Recycling of matter and elements through and among ecosystems.
64
Nutrient:
Something that supplies nourishment and essential for an organism's surivival.
65
Ecological Sucession:
A series of predictable changes in a community over time. Changes in species and the ecosystem matures.
66
Primary Succesion:
A type of ecological succession to take place over time with no remnants of any earlier community, no previous life.
67
Pioneer Species;
First to colonize barren landscape
68
Secondary Succession:
When existing communities are not completely destroyed, succession.
69
Climax Community:
A stable and mature ecosystem at the end of a succession2

Biology 9 - Silance (6 decks)

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